摘要:

Four factors (effectiveness, health risks, cost, and convenience) were orthogonally manipulated in a 3 × 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design to determine their relative importance in influencing attitudes toward and intentions to use male oral contraceptives. The experimental design also permitted a test of the assumption of additivity underlying expectancy‐value models of attitude and the assumption of absence of context effects. Results were consistent with expectancy‐value models of the relationship between beliefs and attitudes. In addition, it was found that health risks and effedtiveness, in that order, were the most important factors influencing receptivity to male oral contraceptives, with the effects of cost and convenience being mediated by these two factors. Sex differences in attitudes toward male oral contraceptives were also ob

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1981.tb00737.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Fishbein model of intention suggests that intention may change as a consequence of change in either a related attitudinal or normative component. This hypothesis was tested on intention to use contraceptives. Users and nonusers of contraceptives were exposed to a message designed to change contraceptive‐usage attitude, to a message directed toward changing the normative beliefs associated with using contraceptives, or to a no‐message control. The messages advocated one of three contraceptive techniques: (a) males were advised to use condoms, (b) males were advised to rely on their partner's use of oral contraceptives, or (c) females were advised to use oral contraceptives. Contraceptive‐usage intention changed only in the two conditions where the model's requirements for change were present. Thus, the pattern of change agreed with Fishbein's suggestions and provided moderate support for the intention model and its application to intention change in health care set

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1981.tb00738.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Feminist analyses of rape hypothesize that adherence to rape myths affects the inclusiveness or restrictiveness of rape definitions, with numerous practical consequences. The results of this research support that hypothesis. The paper also critiques the experimental vignette methodology frequently used to investigate rape definitions. In the process of exploring its cectral hypothesis, this analysis demonstrates the importance and feasibility of using additional techniques to achieve a fuller understanding of factors affecting rape definitions.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1981.tb00739.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a mock jury experiment, college students read a partial transcript of an actual rape case. Transcripts differed in the following ways: damaging evidence was introduced against the defendant, the victim, or an inconsequential witness; following an attorney's objection, the evidence was ruled admissible or inadmissable by the judge; at the end of the transcript, subjects read the judge's charge to the jury, which was biased against the defendant or the victim, or was neutral. Judgments of guilt showed reactance effects when damaging evidence and judge's summary were against the defendant; there was no similar effect when the bias was against the victim. Subjects were more likely to evaluate the judge as “too directive” in his summary when he was inconsistent, making the juror's decision more difficult. This latter result supports the conflict theory of decision mak

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1981.tb00740.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examines attributions of blame to the Nazis and the Jews for the events of the holocaust. The sample consisted of Germans and Americans who had viewed the television series “Holocaust” and comparison groups who had not seen the program. It was found that among viewers who identified with the Nazis, attributions of blame to the Jews were higher than among nonviewers or viewers who identified with the Jews. Attributions of blame to the Nazis did not vary as a function of viewing the television series. However, people who identified with the Nazis blamed the Nazis less for the holocaust than people who identified with the Jews. These results are discussed in terms of the justworld hypothesis (Lerner&Miller, 1978) and their implications for media presentations on the victims of oppress

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1981.tb00741.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a field experiment, 90 subjects were contacted by phone and asked by an experimenter to make a phone call for him notifying his employer that he would be late for work. The experimenter presented himself as a (1) physician vs. accountant (high social status occupations), (2) youthcounsellor vs. insurance salesman (medium social status occupations), or (3) fireman vs. gas‐stationattendant (low social status occupations). It was found that subjects helped more frequently requesters in occupations of high potential for reciprocityarousing behavior (e.g., a physician) than of low potential (for reciprocityarousing behavior) (e.g., an accountant), regardless of the social status of the occupation

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1981.tb00742.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Studies of crowding in various settings have shown that individuals are aroused and frequently suffer from ill health. Several studies have shown that it is possible to successfully intervene in residential, shopping, and classroom settings to reduce the negative effects of crowding. The present laboratory experiment assessed the effectiveness of two tactics commonly used by passengers in crowded mass transit settings. Results indicated that the two tactics, reading a newspaper or talking to others, failed to reduce arousal. An explanation for the failure of these tactics is offered.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1981.tb00743.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The usefulness of links between tourism research and work in social psychology was considered. A diary‐based study of tourists visiting tropical islands in North Queensland was discussed and changes in the day‐to‐day moods of tourists on the islands were reported. Some determinants of these mood changes were demonstrated using log linear analysis. Negative moods were more frequent on the second and third days of holiday, particularly during the evenings. It was argued that tourists experienced “environment shock” in visiting these resorts. Self‐report health data confirmed this suggestion. Furthermore, tourists appeared to increase the number of self‐initiated as compared to other‐initiated activities during their holiday. It was concluded that the shift in activity patterns and the “environment shock” health problems were possible explanations of the day‐to‐day mood patternin

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1981.tb00744.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY