摘要:

According to the pique technique, a target is more likely to comply if mindless refusal is disrupted by a strange or unusual request. We demonstrated the use of this technique in two experiments. In Experiment 1, passersby on a local municipal wharf were approached by a confederate panhandler who made either one of two strange requests: “Can you spare 17¢ (or 37¢)?” or made either one of two typical requests “Can you spare a quarter (or any change)?” Subjects in the strange conditions were almost 60% more likely to give money than those receiving the typical plea. In addition, a strange request piqued interest as evidenced by increased verbal inquiries about the request. Experiment 2 replicated the first experiment in a laboratory setting and provides additional evidence (via a cognitive response analysis) that strange requests piqued subjects' interest in the appeal as well as increased liking for the p

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb00610.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A modified form of the Attitudes Toward Censorship Questionnaire (Hense&Wright, 1992) was developed to assess the degree to which that scale measures attitudes toward censorship in general as opposed to censorship of material representing particular sociopolitical values. The revised form characterized the potentially censorable materials as racist, sexist, or violent. University student respondents who showed high acceptance of censorship in this context scored high on measures of authoritarianism, political conservatism, and conventional family ideology (as had procensorship respondents on the Hense and Wright scale), but low on a scale of economic conservatism. Women were more favorably inclined toward censorship than men. Supporters of Canada's most left‐wing (social democratic) major federal party were most favorable to censorship. Factor analysis showed that most of the variance could be explained by a cluster that we have labeled “Politically Correct Puritanism”: support for censoring racist and sexist materials and depictions of sexual violence. The second major factor was related to commercial availability of such materials. Content‐specific items on both the original and our modified scales may establish a context that guides the interpretation of nonspecific items, so that both the original Attitudes Toward Censorship Questionnaire and our modified version may be measuring attitudes toward censorship of materials violating a particular view of morality, rather than toward censorship in pr

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb00611.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigates the relationship between component factors of the work environment and burnout. Age, time on the job, and the intensity of religious beliefs were hypothesized to moderate the work environment/burnout linkage. The Work Environment Scale (Moos, 1986) was used to assess the work environment, and burnout was measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach&Jackson, 1986). Results identified peer cohesion, work pressure, supervisor support, job clarity, and autonomy as work environment variables which are linked to burnout. Age, time on the job, and the intensity of religious beliefs moderated the influence of the work environment on burnout. Results are discussed with respect to organizational effectiveness and management.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb00612.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper examines how the presentation of computer‐monitored performance information affects performance judgments. Two factors were examined: the performance pattern and the information format. In a computer simulation, subjects were responsible for evaluating the performance of a computer‐monitored typist. They were assigned to one of three format conditions: a periodic, delayed, or summarized format. The pattern of the typist's performance was also varied: It either improved, worsened, or remained about the same during the simulation. Results indicate that performance pattern affected subjects' ratings of overall performance, performance quality, and performance consistency. Both factors influenced ratings of future performance and recall of specific performance information. Implications of these results for performance appraisals and computerized performance monitoring systems are discus

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb00613.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Bystander responses to public episodes of child abuse were surveyed among 269 self reported witnesses. Respondents completed an 80‐item self‐report questionnaire which inquired into a broad range of events, experiences, and behaviors surrounding naturally occurring incidents of perceived child abuse witnessed in public places. Almost one‐half of the sample reported having witnessed at least one event of child abuse in public, but only one out of four witnesses acted to intervene. Data analyses identified 40 statistically significant variables across four categories: characteristics of the bystander, situation, victim, and perpetrator. Results were generally consistent with predictions and findings from previous research on bystander intervention, but a number of new and significant variables were identified that characterized intervention events. Direct and indirect forms of intervention were also distinguished. Implications of the findings are discussed, and educating people to intervene on behalf of abused children is pro

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb00614.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY