摘要:

An experiment was conducted in order to assess the impact of field independence (field independence vs. field dependence), job analysis format (job specifications vs. job descriptions), and sex of the rater on the differential accuracy of job evaluation ratings. Eighty‐eight college students participated in the study. The results indicated that field independent raters were significantly more accurate in their job evaluations, as were subjects rating job specification

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1989.tb00061.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Five studies explored the psychological bases of attitudes toward persons afflicted with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). These studies examined both instrumental and symbolic bases of these attitudes. In Studies 1, 2, and 3, both instrumental factors (e.g., beliefs about the probability of one's own child contracting AIDS) and symbolic factors (general attitudes toward homosexuality) independently contributed to the prediction of attitudes toward having one's child attend classes with anonhomosexualperson having AIDS. In Study 4, only attitudes toward homosexuality (symbolic factors) and not beliefs about contagiousness related to students' expressing a desire to transfer from a class with an AIDS‐infected professor. In Study 5, subjects role played the situation experienced by subjects in Study 4. A wider array of instrumental concerns was assessed. While both instrumental and symbolic factors were related to attitudes of role‐playing subjects, the specific instrumental concerns of importance were related to beliefs about subjects' feeling comfortable with the professor and not the contagiousness of AIDS. Thus, these results paralleled those of Study 4. These findings are discussed with regard to their relevance for understanding the varying functions of attitudes and for understanding the stigmatization of disease vict

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1989.tb00062.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The predictive validity of intention and expectation measures was examined by comparing subjects' intentions and expectations of their academic performance with their actual class performance. A total of 166 subjects were randomly assigned to respond to an intention or expectation version of a questionnaire. The instrument asked for intentions or expectations regarding performance on the next test, final examination, and final course grade. Expectations were found to be better predictors of academic performance. Expectation responses were also found to explain significant amounts of variance in the dependent measures after the effect of subjects' prior class performance (their first test score) had been taken into consideration. Additional types of outcomes and goals for which expectation measures are likely to provide more accurate prediction are discussed.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1989.tb00063.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this investigation, we examined the extent to which people use information concerning product form (e.g., appearance) and product function (e.g., reliability) to evaluate the quality of consumer products. One week after receiving both types of information, high self‐monitors responded more favorably to the product with the more attractive appearance, judging it to be of higher quality. By contrast, low self‐monitors assigned higher quality ratings to the less attractive product. Implications of these findings for implicit consumer theories about the relations between product form and product function, as well as implications for consumer decision‐making processes are disc

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1989.tb00064.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We investigated the effects of time pressure on the performance of Type A and Type B individuals. We predicted that Type As would perform more poorly than Type Bs on an anagram task during a timed condition, but not during an untimed condition. Subjects were 40 female undergraduates and the Jenkins Activity Survey was used to measure Type A behavior. The results confirmed our hypothesis. Type As made significantly more errors than Type Bs when timed, but not when untimed. Implications of these findings and the time‐urgency component of the Type A behavior pattern are discusse

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1989.tb00065.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A household survey utilizing a quasi‐experimental design was undertaken to assess the impact of the TV movie.The Day After, on a number of psychologically and politically important variables such as the salience of the issue of nuclear war and individuals' beliefs about the efficacy of their own political actions in helping to prevent such a war. Respondents were initially surveyed 2 weeks prior to the movie's airing and were resurveyed afterwards. Contrary to the impression conveyed by reports of a number of public opinion polls, which focussed on attitudes toward government policies, we found thatThe Day Afterand the surrounding controversy had a substantial impact on many dimensions including the salience of nuclear war, feelings of personal efficacy, affect related to the idea of a nuclear war, intentions to engage in anti‐nuclear behavior, estimates of the probability that a nuclear war would occur, and beliefs about the likelihood and desirability of survival. Two general conclusions emerged. First, many of the effects occurred for the entire sample rather than only for those who watched the film, suggesting that the widely publicized controversy that surrounded the movie contributed to its impact. Second, reactions appeared to be depressive in nature. Compared to the pre‐airing responses, the post‐airing survey found more passive affective reactions to the idea of nuclear war, decreased estimates of the chances of survival, a decreased desire to survive, and a decreased sense of personal efficiacy. Nonetheless, respondents, especially those who watchedThe Day After, were more likely to intend to engage in antinuclear war activities after the film than

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1989.tb00066.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY