摘要:

One hundred and sixty undergraduates (80 males, 80 females) participated in a field experiment designed to examine the influence of invasions of personal space and sex of requester upon subsequent helping. On the basis of previous research, it was predicted that helping would be markedly inhibited by invasions of personal space, and that the magnitude of these effects would be mediated by the sex of the individuals who perpetrated such intrusions. Surprisingly, however, results indicated that subsequent helping was actually facilitated by such invasions. A follow‐up investigation replicated these results and suggested that they stemmed from a tendency on the part of subjects to perceive close physical approach by the requester as indicative of a high need for assistanc

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1976.tb01316.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The separate effects of group size, room size, and density (space per person) were investigated for subjects responding interactively or coactively to perceptual and cognitive tasks. The major findings are that crowding has greater effects on “feelings” and “interpersonal perceptions” than on task performance. Where crowding did have effects, they appeared to be mediated more by group size and, to some degree, room size than by density, especially for males. Female subjects appeared somewhat more density oriented than male s

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1976.tb01317.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It was hypothesized that darkness acts as a disinhibitor, and that subjects would deliver higher intensity shocks to a victim in a dimly lit setting than in a brightly lit setting. It was also predicted that this effect would be greater when subject and victim were in close proximity than when they were isolated from each other. The results supported these predictions. It was suggested that lighting may have important effects on social behaviors, and that further research on the influences of lighting on human behavior is needed.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1976.tb01318.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Research has shown that values of student activists in the late 1960s differed considerably from student values in the 1950s, and that activists were noticeably low in either dogmatism or authoritarianism. The hypothesis that dogmatism among students in general in the late 1960s was lower than among students in the 1950s was tested by a time‐series analysis of secondary data. Dogmatism norms available for the period 1958–1968 showed a significant negative trend over time, and this trend persisted when norms were controlled for education level, geographic region, and college selectiv

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1976.tb01319.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of personal values, information, and decision order on choice and commitment to choice when the decision involved a complex matter of public policy. Findings indicated that values determined piorities, but not decisions; information did not influence choice, but had a curvilinear effect on the commitment to the choice; the decision order did not influence the components of the decision process, but did determine the proportion of value‐consistent decisions. The significance of these findings to public policy and the need for future research are discusse

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1976.tb01320.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a counterattitudinal news story on the perceived credibility of a television newscaster. In the basic 2 × 2 design, subjects, who were either pro‐student or pro‐police, viewed a newscast in which either students or police were blamed for initiating a violent confrontation. The results indicated that subjects, for whom the newscast's conclusion was counterattitudinal (as compared to those for whom the conclusion was consistent with initial student‐police attitudes), rated the newscast as less objective, rated the newscaster as less credible and more intending to persuade, and attributed to the newscast and newscaster more extreme political positions consistent with the newscast's conclusions The implications of these results for the problem of newscaster credibility are discussed, as are the connections between the present results and previous research on communicator credi

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1976.tb01321.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Randomly formed groups of 160 male students a t St. Francis Xavier University performed both a structured and an unstructured task. Style of leadership and leader position power were experimentally manipulated, while leader member relations were held constant. Although manipulation checks were positive, results failed to support any of the hypotheses derived from Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership effectiveness.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1976.tb01322.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Seventy‐two male subjects judged a defendant on trial for armed robbery, after reading trial transcripts and other background information. The 2 × 2 factorial design varied the defendant's socioeconomic status (SES) and simulated juror's decision making condition (either group discussion or independent decision‐making). Higher SES (middle class) defendants were seen as less blameworthy than low SES defendants, though not less guilty. Defendants were judged less guilty when simulated jurors had engaged in group discussion than when they had not. Subjects' potential similarity to the defendant, and their attitudes toward capital punishment, were also found related to these “legal” and “moral

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1976.tb01323.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY