摘要:

The present research was designed to test the hypothesis that perceptions of consensus about the collective experience of psychological problems, as well as the distinctive presence of a community disaster, would affect attributions of externality about such problems. Specifically, it was hypothesized that (1) higher levels of consensus would be associated with greater external attributions of causality, (2) attributions would be more external if the problem began after the disaster (high distinctiveness) than before the disaster, and (3) the occurrence of the disaster would magnify the positive relationship between high consensus and external causality attributions, because of the presence of a distinctive and salient external event. These hypotheses were tested with victims of a flash flood. Results supported the interaction prediction (Hypothesis 3) for the problem of depression, but not for anxiety. In addition, for depression and anxiety, greater consensus was indirectly associated with greater externality, regardless of distinctiveness (Hypothesis 1). However, for somatization, none of the hypotheses were supported. The results are discussed in terms of the applied implications for postdisaster intervention programs to reduce psychopathology.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00443.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A field experiment was conducted in an educational setting to investigate affective reactions occurring at different phases of the delivery of a service. An eight‐minute delay caused more negative affective reactions when it occurred either before the service started (preprocess) or after the service had terminated (postprocess) than when it occurred in the middle of the service encounter (in‐process). No differences were observed for positive affect. Field theory is proposed as a theoretical framework to account for the results, and practical applications for addressing the social problem of structuring waiting environments are discus

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00444.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the application of information processing (IP) models in organizational settings, potential boundary or moderator variables are sometimes overlooked. We investigated whether the impact of important IP variables in the leadership perception literature was affected by a potentially important boundary variable: cognitive demands extraneous to impression formation. In contrast to past research, both quantity and quality (prototypicality) of behavior affected leadership perceptions in both lowandhigh information load conditions. This result implies that prototype‐related processing may be automatic enough to influence perceptions of leadership in actual organizational settings where cognitive demand is often high. Further, quantity of verbal behavior had a significant impact on causal attributions for level of group task performance and on perceptions of control of the groups‘activities, suggesting that this variable may have important implications for inferences about a person's influence on work group processes and outcomes. The significance of these findings for the issues of leader influence and for the measurement of leader behavior is discus

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00445.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relation between social factors at work and job satisfaction was studied by measuring two components of a social environment: a common social environment, the social climate shared by employees in the same work setting: and an individual social environment, the individual's unique social space within that setting. An analysis of questionnaire data from 299, mostly female, bank workers indicated that there is a moderate relation between the quality of the social environment at work and individual job satisfaction. This finding held even when independent judges' (i.e., coworkers') ratings were used as the measure of the common social environment. The results were also consistent with the hypothesis that job satisfaction is more strongly linked to the quality of supervisor relations than to relationships with coworkers. Contrary to expectations, the common social environment at work was a better predictor of job satisfaction than was the individual social environment, and supervisors and coworkers appeared to contribute equally to perceptions of the common environment.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00446.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Infertility is a life crisis for which modern technologies suggest solutions that themselves are stressful. The purpose of the present study was to determine how treatments for infertility are perceived, and the cognitive structure underlying their perception. Fifty women undergoing in vitro fertilization and 50 fertile women recorded their perceptions of 10 infertility treatments on 15 dimensions. Intergroup comparisons showed that patients generally perceived the treatments more positively than nonpatients, and differences in perceptions focused on female‐centered treatments rather than on male‐centered and donor‐involved treatments. Fertile women tended to be more concerned with the risks to the fetus, whereas infertile patients tended to be more concerned with the social exposure of the treatments. Cluster analysis revealed that patients' conceptions of infertility treatments were organized according to the most salient features of the procedures being applied, whereas fertile women's were organized according to the cause of infertility. The significance of these findings for providing care for infertile couples is disc

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00447.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY