摘要:

To see if suicide ideators responded differently than nonideators after success or failure experiences, 61 college students who were relatively high or low ideators participated in a computer task on which half got bogus success feedback, the other half got bogus failure feedback. Both groups then completed the Reasons for Living Inventory (RFL). Two (High versus Low Suicide) X 2 (Success or Failure) analyses indicated main effects for suicide on overall RFL and four of the six RFL subscales. Although there were no main effects for success versus failure, an interaction indicated that, in the failure condition, low suicidal subjects were significantly higher than high suicidal subjects in overall reasons for living. Results suggest that suicidal individuals may be vulnerable to failure, and may need interventions to help them avoid potential failure or to bolster their coping mechanisms.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb01464.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study examined the relationship between performance deficits that occur following exposure to uncontrollable stressors and activation of the endogenous opioid system. Subjects were given an injection of saline or naloxone, an opioid antagonist, prior to exposure to 23 min of unpredictable intermittent bursts of noise or silence. Changes in mood were assessed following the injection and the stressor. Performance was measured during and after stressor exposure. Measures of performance following the stressor included a proofreading, an encoding, and a puzzle task. Results replicated previous work on the effects of noise on performance; exposure to noise was associated with performance deficits during and after the stressor. Although naloxone had no effect on performance following the noise, it was associated with greater performance deficits during exposure to the stressor. Further, although all subjects became more hostile, anxious, and depressed following exposure to noise or silence, naloxone improved mood before the stressor began.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb01465.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article addresses conceptual and methodological levels of analysis issues in research on work group and organizational settings. Using organizational climate data, it provides a detailed example of the use of a recent data analysis model (Kenny&La Voie, 1985) which separates individual and group effects. The reanalysis of an earlier study of organizational climate influences on three dependent variables (Giamartino&Wandersman, 1983) revealed that several important relationships between climate dimensions and the dependent variables were masked in the earlier study. Implications for potential misinterpretations within existing group and organizational research are drawn and suggestions for addressing theoretical and measurement problems involving climate research are offered.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb01466.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The determinants of verdicts in a rape case were examined. Pretrial attitudes (rape empathy, juror bias, belief in a just world, and authoritarianism) were measured to ascertain both the intercorrelations among the attitudes and their predictive value of verdicts. The eye contact (staring, avoiding, or random) of the alleged rape victim with the defendant was also examined.Results showed that rape empathy was predictive of verdict. The eye contact of the alleged victim with the defendant also affected verdicts of female mock jurors. Specifically, when eye contact was avoided, more guilty verdicts were rendered. Furthermore, interpretation of eye contact was found to be a function of mock jurors' reported rape empathy. Specifically, subjects who reported empathy with the victim tended to interpret the victim's behavior as consistent with being raped. Finally, differences were found between high and low empathizers for the rape victim in what aspects of the trial were important to mock jurors' decisions.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb01467.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study modeled the process underlying the experience of satisfaction by examining the interrelationships among the task situation, intention characteristics, and satisfaction. The central proposition of the model was that the effect of the situation on satisfaction is fully mediated by the nature and status of one's own intentions that result from that context. The proposed model, in which the task situation indirectly determines satisfaction only through intention characteristics, was compared to a model in which the situation both directly and indirectly determines satisfaction and to a model which contained no intention characteristics. The intention characteristics assessed in this study included their number, valence, value, commitment, probability, and perceived attainment. Two aspects of the task situation were examined: task enrichment and assigned performance goals. A total of 192 subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 conditions according to goal (no goal vs. assigned goal) and task type (enriched vs. unenriched). Intentions and their characteristics were assessed before the task period, and satisfaction with the task was measured afterward. The results provided support for a model in which the task situation and intention characteristics have independent effects on satisfaction.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb01468.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY