摘要:

Individuals in intimate relationships engage in higher levels of HIV risk behavior than do individuals engaging in casual sex (e.g., Bowen&Michal‐Johnson, 1989; Misovich, Fisher,&Fisher, 1996). While there are many possible reasons for this consistent pattern of effects, few studies have focused on identifying the underlying causes. Therefore, same‐gender focus groups were conducted with college‐age men and women in intimate relationships as participants in order to examine, qualitatively, factors particular to relationships which are associated with HIV risk. Focus‐group members indicated that concerns about questioning interpersonal trust and commitment in their relationship through the introduction of condoms or HIV testing were often strong impediments to these practices. Recommendations for future HIV‐prevention interventions specific to individuals in relationships are

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01855.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Results of 21 studies determined the degree of stigma associated with AIDS compared to the degree of stigma associated with other comparable conditions. Focused contrast analyses indicate a greater degree of stigma expressed toward individuals with AIDS than toward individuals with other comparable illnesses (r= .22), with college students (r= .23) expressing a slightly higher degree of stigma than health professionals (r= .10). A greater degree of stigma was obtained with scales measuring intended social interaction (r= .26) than was obtained with scales containing items measuring attitudes and values (r= .16). Effect sizes did not differ significantly as a function of the type of control condition used.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01856.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Male and female researchers separately interviewed the male and female heads of household in each of 159 homes in three villages in northern India. Analyses revealed consistent gender differences, such that women, compared to men, rated their homes more negatively, experienced more physical symptoms, and thought the supply of resources was insufficient. Surprisingly, women also believed that their homes could house more people and were significantly more likely to want more children. In other words, women reacted negatively to crowding but also appeared to like having many people in the household. Possible reasons for this apparent contradiction are discussed.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01857.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

“Epidemic” models of transitions between stages of cigarette smoking describe the spread of smoking behavior through face‐to‐face encounters. An epidemic model was successfully fitted that allowed epidemic parameters to be conditioned on the smoking status of adolescents' parents. Model comparisons supported the conclusion that the transition from nonsmoker to trier involved social contacts, whereas the transition from trier to regular smoker was best modeled as a constant rate (i.e., did not depend on the population prevalence of smokers). The transition rate from nonsmoker to trier was more rapid in children of smoking parents than in children of nonsmoking parents. Adolescents with and without smoking parents did not differ in the rate of transition from trier to regular

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01858.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this paper, we examine social psychological correlates of teachers' linguistic diversity attitudes. We surveyed 191 regular‐classroom teachers in 3 states (Arizona, Utah, and Virginia) to determine the relative effects of psychological insecurity, political ideology, cognitive sophistication, and educational level on language attitudes. Region of the country was included as a contextual variable. We tested the effects of education and cognitive sophistication on tolerance of language minority groups. Psychological insecurity measures and political conservatism were associated with negative language attitudes. Cognitive sophistication but not education was related to positive language attitudes. Teachers from Arizona had more positive language attitudes than did their counterparts in Utah and Virginia. We discuss the implications of our research for inservice and teacher‐education programs directed toward constructive attitude change around language diversity iss

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01859.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY