摘要:

In spite of a sizable body of research on the effects of information promotions on health knowledge and health behavior, relatively little is known about how such efforts affect change (or why they do not). This paper addresses that problem by exploring the particular role that health locus of control (HLC) beliefs play in individual responses to health promotion efforts aimed at encouraging preventive health behaviors. Two field experiments are presented. The first experiment examined the extent to which HLC beliefs are related to differences in individual levels of health knowledge following the distribution of an informational booklet on health. Internals high on health value who received the information booklet demonstrated greater health knowledge three months later than did other subjects, although this difference was greater among men than among women. The second experiment explored how HLC beliefs interact with differently framed “control” messages to promote behavior change in breast self‐examination (BSE). HLC beliefs interacted with the control language of the BSE promotional message and a neutral reminder to affect subsequent BSE practice. Together, these studies suggest a more influential role for health locus of control beliefs in shaping responses to health messages than has previously been documented in field set

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1989.tb01461.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A heuristic model is presented concerning leadership behaviors in youth sports. The cognitive‐behavioral model specifies individual difference variables, situational factors, and cognitive processes assumed to mediate overt coaching behaviors and athletes' reactions to them. Initially, the status of leadership research is reviewed, focusing on the potential relevance of behavioral assessment to this area of inquiry. Next, the athletic environment is characterized as a largely untapped naturalistic setting for psychological research, and a rationale is developed for the study of leadership in youth sports. Following this, consideration is given to the basic components of a mediational model of coach‐athlete interactions and some preliminary research relative to the model. An expanded model is then presented, along with suggestions and hypotheses for future research. Finally, the sport‐specific model and associated research is related to the larger context of theoretical advances and empirical work in the area of leade

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1989.tb01462.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Experiments on behavioral lie detection have indicated that observers can detect a communicator's lies with above‐chance accuracy, and that detection accuracy may be enhanced when observers pay special attention to certain vocal and body‐movement cues. The present experiment asked whether deception in (simulated) sales communications by retail salespersons and automobile customers could likewise be detected nonverbally. Contrary to much of the prior literature, deception‐detection in this study was not above chance, apparently because the salespersons' and customers' nonverbal cues simply were not correlated with lying. Though the observers seemed quite suspicious and did not give communicators the “benefit of the doubt”, they could not discriminate the communicators' deceptive communications from their truthful ones. Many—perhaps most—of the lies in sales communications may be told by confident, well‐practiced deceivers whose nonverbal behavior is unlikely to rev

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1989.tb01463.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY