摘要:

Two experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that confidence in the correctness of one's perceptions of normative pressure to use a condom influences the correspondence between those perceptions and intentions to actually perform the behavior. In Study 1, confidence in perceptions of normative influence was manipulated in an experimental paradigm using hypothetical scenarios. In Study 2, confidence in subjects' a]ctual perceptions was measured. Results from both experiments indicate that the correspondence between perceptions of normative influence and intentions was greatest when subjects were confident that their perceptions of normative influence were correct.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb02377.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A study was undertaken to assess the utility of revisions to the theories of reasoned action/planned behavior in the context of HIV‐preventive behaviors. Revisions to the models incorporated the addition of group norm (behavioral norm and group attitude) to the nonnative component of the reasoned action model and the distinction among three aspects (self‐efficacy, perceived behavioral control, and planning) of the control component of the theory of planned behavior. Respondents were 211 sexually experienced heterosexual undergraduates. The study employed a longitudinal design, with the proposed predictors of performing the behaviors under consideration (using a condom every time you have sexual intercourse during the next month and discussing whether to use a condom with any new partners during the next month) assessed prior to the measures of reported behavior. Consistent with expectations, group norm emerged as a distinctive predictor (in addition to attitude and subjective norm) of intentions to practice both safer sex behaviors. The data also revealed some support for the distinction among the different measures of control. The results of the study suggest that the normative component of the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior should be revised to incorporate more subtle influences of the referent group and that tests of theory of planned behavior should distinguish among the different aspects of behavioral cont

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb02378.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper reports a study of HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative gay men focusing on comparisons between the HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative on gay identification, the interrelationships among gay identification variables, and the psychological correlates of gay identification. We hypothesized that better psychological health would be related to gay self‐acceptance, participating in gay organizations and groups, socializing with other gay men, and parental disclosure and acceptance of being gay. The sample was composed of 169 gay men, including 98 asymptomatic HIV‐positive and 71 HIV‐negative men. The findings are largely consistent with our hypotheses. A strong and consistent relationship of the gay identification measures with psychological variables was observed, explaining up to one fifth of the variance in current level of mood and self‐esteem. Among the HIV‐positive subjects, participating in gay organizations and groups and having parents who accepted their sexual orientation were important correlates of psychological adaptation. Despite this, 36% of subjects had parents who disapproved of their sexual orientation, and 69% of HIV‐positive subjects were not in any gay organizations or groups. Among the HIV‐negative subjects, gay self‐acceptance and disclosing their sexual orientation to parents were associated with better psychological adjustment. These results suggest that the psychological health and outlook of gay men may be influenced by gay self‐acceptance, participation in gay groups, and parental disclosure and acceptance of their chil

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb02379.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This investigation defines the construct of dietary self‐efficacy and examines the personal and interactional factors that predict efficacy in food behavior. Dietary self‐efficacy is the belief that one is capable of behavior necessary to produce a nutritionally healthful diet. A path model was tested that located dietary self‐efficacy as a consequence of the character of marital interaction (role disagreement, equity/inequity, and family food interaction), personal conditions of depression and low self‐esteem, age, and education. One hundred fifty‐five married couples were randomly selected and interviewed. The path model predicted a direct causal effect of role disagreement and inequity on depression and an indirect effect on dietary self‐efficacy mediated by depression and self‐esteem. The findings supported the proposed model for wives but not for husbands, suggesting that dietary self‐efficacy is a female construct. Wives continue to take major responsibility for food selection and preparation, including the nutrition of children. Therefore, dietary self‐efficacy gains a position of centrality for wives that is not independent of the effect of eve

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb02380.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study compared the effect of five persuasive appeals used in AIDS PSAs and condom commercials (fear arousal‐no sex/condom theme; fear arousal‐sex/condom theme; erotic; humorous; factual) on 122 male and 114 female college students' i]ntentions to use and taking of condoms. Results showed that the two fear appeals were more effective than other appeals in increasing intentions to use condoms with a new partner. The fear appeal–no sex/condom theme was more effective than other appeals for increasing intentions to use condoms with a steady partner. Compared to men, women rated commercials as more effective for increasing intentions to use condoms with a new partner. Persuasive appeals had no effect on the taking of free condoms. The best predictor of commercial effectiveness was the degree to which a commercial evoked a high fear of AIDS. Other significant predictors were subjects' a]ttitude toward condom use and commercial qualities of being humorous, romantic, credible, and factual. Implications are that all five types of appeals are potentially effective for use in AIDS PSAs. Recommendations include combining appeals (e.g. fear with erotic) and emphasizing the positive features of condo

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb02381.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb02382.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY