摘要:

A social‐psychological field study analyzed how residents respond to environmental problems. The presupposed theoretical framework combines perspectives of environmental research and of political science, and attempts to explain the process intermediate to the presence of environmental stressors and participatory or protest activities. Empirical data were collected in an urban area where plans for a railway had led to some involvement by the citizens. In Phase I of a quasi‐experimental longitudinal approach, 229 personal interviews were conducted based on a standardized questionnaire. The data analyses are oriented toward a description and prediction of environmental evaluations and participatory behavior. The results demonstrate that participation is mainly influenced by evaluations of present environmental quality, the expected state of the environment in the future, the knowledge and assessment of participation, and general interest in politics. The exposure level, environment‐related attitudes (e.g., environmental awareness or desired environmental quality), and personal characteristics (e.g., education), operate as initial determinants in the causal structure of participation. The evidence obtained supports the main claims of the proposed causal model, but also indicates necessary revi

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1987.tb00338.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In many applied settings involving influence processes in small groups, the interest is in how such processes aid or hinder effective decision making and problem solving. In a recent formulation, Nemeth (1986) argued that exposure to opposing views emanating from aminorityleads to divergent thinking, a process that involves a consideration of the problem from varying viewpoints. On balance, such influence would aid performance. Exposure to opposingmajorityviewpoints leads to convergent thought whereSs presumably concentrate on the proposed viewpoint to the exclusion of other considerations. On balance, this form of influence tends not to aid performance and may prove to be an impediment. In the present study, these hypotheses were tested in the context of anagram solutions. Results showed that subjects exposed to the minority viewpoint found more correct words and they achieved this superior performance by a usage of all possible strategies. Subjects exposed to the majority viewpoint initially used the strategy suggested by the majority to the detriment of other strategies and, in general, performed at the level of control subjects. These results are discussed in terms of potential contributions made by exposure to dissenting minority viewpoints in small group decision‐making settings such as trial by jury and in society at larg

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1987.tb00339.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of instructor touch on students' ratings of the instructor and students' performance in the classroom was investigated. A total of 171 male and female college students participated in individual conferences with their instructors following the first examination in the course. Half were touched by their instructors during the conference; the other half were not. Students then evaluated the instructor, the instructor's teaching effectiveness, and the utility of the conference. Analysis of results revealed that students who were touched during the conference gave their instructors significantly higher ratings than those who were not touched. In addition, students in the touched condition showed superior performance on the next course examination, scoring .58 standard deviations higher on the examination compared to the untouched students. The authors conclude that touching, when conducted in a conference situation to help students improve class performance, can be a highly effective teaching tool.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1987.tb00340.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two factors that were thought to promote or inhibit schema‐based or stereotypic responding in impression formation were examined in two experiments. Subjects were asked to provide evaluations of artwork supposedly painted by either mentally retarded or nonretarded children. Based on previous research, it was assumed that subjects would expect relatively poor quality artwork from retarded children, which would he consistent with a negative schema that they maintain for this group. It was also predicted that this negative schema would result in cursory examinations and unfavorable evaluations of the retarded artists' artwork, but only when the evaluative conditions were conducive to schematic responding. Specifically, the schema effect was predicted to occur when the artwork was of poor quality and subjects were instructed to provide an overall evaluation of the painting rather than an assessment of its specific characteristics. No derogation was expected when these factors were not present. Results supported these hypotheses. Additional analyses indicated that subjects were conducting a cursory search of the target stimuli when conditions favored schema‐based respond

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1987.tb00341.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A study was conducted to understand how bottle bills exert their effect. Legislation does apparently allow for a situation in which behaviors influence attitudes if subjective norms converge with the new position. Students tested longitudinally manifested significant (p<.1) differences in cross‐lagged panel correlations implying that subjective norms lead to bottle bill and ecological attitudes, that behavior and habit lead to bottle returning attitudes, and that ecological attitudes lead to intentions. Students in Oregon were found to have greater pro‐ecological attitudes than students in neighboring states. Public policy implications are discus

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1987.tb00342.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY