摘要:

This study examined the association of two types of condom use outcome expectancies (self‐approval and partner reaction) with patterns of safer sexual behavior among predominantly African American patients at a sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic. As expected, both individuals' own self‐approval outcome expectancies and their partner reaction outcome expectancies predicted consistency of condom use, although partner reaction expectancies predicted condom use above and beyond the effects of self‐approval expectancies. Furthermore, individuals who believed that they and their partner shared positive condom use outcome expectancies reported the greatest use of condoms. These findings suggest that HIV prevention programs should address both types of condom use outcome expectancies in order to maximize behavior c

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb00082.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A field study was conducted in a job‐interview setting among female secretarial job applicants with previously expressed preferences for receiving information either about job content or about job context. The results showed that (a) under high as opposed to low need for closure, job applicants requested more job information, whether for job content or job context; (b) across experimental conditions, subjects preferred job‐context information; (c) high need for closure selectively reduced the job‐context information requested by applicants who had expressed a preference for job‐content characteristics as compared with subjects who had expressed a preference for job‐context characteristics, but it did not reduce the need for job‐content information of applicants with a job‐context preference; and (d) under high need for closure, job applicants who had previously expressed a preference for job‐content characteristics did, in fact, perceive job‐content information as more important than job‐context information, and subjects who had expressed a preference for job‐context type of characteristics perceived job‐context characteri

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb00083.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The two primary theoretical explanations for the findings of the Milgram (1963, 1974) obedience studies are that of Milgram, stressing the role of relinquished responsibility to the authority on the one hand, and that of Mixon (1971, 1972), for whom trust in the experimenter is the key element on the other hand. The aim of the 2 studies reported in this article, using edited portions of the film Obedience (Milgram, 1965), was to explore the naive social perceiver's understanding of the dynamics of obedience to authority through his or her attributions about responsibility and trust, and thereby to provide some input into the theoretical controversy between Milgram and Mixon. Both studies were more supportive of Milgram's than of Mixon's position.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb00084.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper addresses an ongoing debate concerning the dimensionality of Inglehart's (1971, 1977, 1981, 1990) concept of materialism‐postmaterialism. According to Inglehart, this concept is unidimensional, distinct from the traditional left‐right political belief continuum, and central to explaining the changes taking place in the values of advanced industrial societies. To date, the debate has sought answers in different item sets, factor analytic solutions, and rotations. This paper approaches the problem through psychological models of social values. Materialism‐postmaterialism, it is argued, involves a prioritizing of values from two orthogonal value orientations which have grown out of the work of Rokeach (1973): national strength and order and international harmony and equ

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb00085.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of this study was to test the cross‐cultural validity of Fishbein and Ajzen's theory of reasoned action, Ajzen's theory of planned behavior, and Triandis' theory of interpersonal behavior and to apply them to understanding the intention to use a condom with a new partner in three ethnocultural communities: Latin American, English‐speaking Caribbean, and South Asian. All respondents were recruited from multiple ethnocultural‐venues using predetermined sampling frames and quotas for each community. The results indicated that the three theories have cross‐cultural validity, but the theories of Ajzen and Triandis performed better than the theory of Fishbein and Ajzen. It is recommended that role beliefs and moral norm (personal normative belief) be added to Ajzen's model to maximize its predictive and explanatory

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb00086.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY