摘要:

In this study a social comparison model is constructed that predicts objectively recorded absence frequency among male Dutch blue‐collar workers from a metal factory in the Netherlands. By employing LISREL, the model is developed (tested and revised) in Plant North (N = 254), and successfully cross‐validated in Plant South (N= 199). The study demonstrates the impact of two social comparison processes upon absenteeism. Absenteeism is the result of: (a) the perception that one is less well‐off than one's colleagues on several job aspects, and (b) the adjustment of one's personal absence norm to that of the work group. In addition, our study reveals that, rather than being absent or having tolerant absence norms, employees may develop feelings of resentment in response to perceived inequity and a tolerant group absence norm. It is concluded that social comparison theory enhances our understanding of absent

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb00565.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recent research on selection decisions suggests that favorable features (e.g., attractive physical features or positively‐evaluated personality traits) can enhance ratings of applicant suitability, but little research has examined the impact of unfavorable features. Theories of person perception distinguish between two information processing strategies: category‐based and feature‐based. We predicted that unfavorable features would influence selection decisions only when raters used feature‐based processing strategies. Results suggest that applicant features' prototypicality and favorability can compensate for one another, with applicants' negative features resulting in a disadvantage only when the applicant is perceived as nonproto

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb00566.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study was designed to examine the possibility that traffic officers are more lenient in issuing citations to other gender drivers. Statistics on the traffic citations issued for a year were obtained from the highway patrols of two states. The information was classified by violation, officers' gender, and drivers' gender. For most categories of violation, men issued a greater percent of their citations to male drivers than women did and women issued a greater percent of their citations to female drivers than men did. The differences could have been due to leniency on the part of one gender or both genders of officers. Leniency on the part of both genders is more consistent with the literature on helping in situations with low cost and low threat to the helper. A possible interpretation is that gender identity includes norms for positive treatment of other gender persons.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb00567.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Netherlands is aging, the labor force participation of older men and women is low, particularly seen in an international perspective. At the same time the massive departure of elderly from the labor force seems to be becoming more and more difficult to afford. In addition, the question arises whether sufficient financial support will be available in the future for maintaining the current level of old age facilities. Despite the popularity of early retirement schemes in the Netherlands, little attention has been paid to the factors underlying this phenomenon. This article takes an initial step towards a multivariate modelling of the older employees' decision to retire early. Compared with other countries, the situation in the Netherlands is special to the extent that there is relatively little variation in the situational context of rules and regulations on voluntary early retirement. This does not imply that the opportunity structure is the same for every older employee: There is variation in the household context, state of health, the organizational context, and the normative context. Furthermore, within a given opportunity structure, there is variation in the older employee's disposition towards early retirement. Using a method of decreasing abstraction, data have been analyzed from a survey conducted among civil servants eligible for early retirement. In the case of the Netherlands, we conclude that mainly the organizational context, the normative context, and the employee's disposition towards retirement play a major role in explaining the early retirement decision. In comparison to former studies in the U.S., we find surprisingly no effect of the financial‐economic variables on the decision to retir

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb00568.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Attributes of accepted classmates were investigated as a function of (a) respondent‐target similarity, (b) availability of desirable peers, (c) gender of respondent and accepted peers, and (d) level of intimacy of the social contact. It was assumed that availability would play a greater role than was previously recognized, in determining attributes of accepted peers in casual as well as intimate contacts, and same‐gender and opposite‐gender acceptance of males and females would be affected differentially by availability and similarity. Seven hundred and fitly‐five 6th, 7th. and 8th grade male and female students indicated their readiness to engage in closer or more casual contacts with each of their classmates, using the Interpersonal Relationship Assessment Technique. It was found that in more superficial relations attributes of accepted peers tended to reflect availability of desirable peers (mean level of desirable student attributes in class), but not respondent‐peer similarity; whereas readiness to maintain more intimate contacts with peers was significantly associated with similarity between respondent and accepted peers, as well as availability of desirable peers. It was found further that availability and similarity play different roles in determining acceptance of same‐gender or opposite‐gender peers by boys and by girls. These results were replicated over four levels of intimacy and four different stude

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb00569.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY