摘要:

The incidence of cervical cancer has decreased over 70% in the last several decades due in large part to the Papanicolaou (Pap) test. Despite the acknowledged efficacy of this test, however, many women do not receive cervical screening. The present study investigated the contributions of individual differences in concerns with self‐presentation and social evaluation to the prediction of intentions and behavior involving cervical screening. Eighty‐two Caucasian women completed measures of social anxiety, physique anxiety, public and private self‐consciousness, fear of negative evaluation, and self‐esteem, in addition to questions assessing their knowledge and behavior regarding cervical screening. Social anxiety significantly predicted intention to receive cervical screening for a medical reason, as well as the frequency with which the women actually received gynecological examinations. Physique anxiety accounted for a significant percentage of the variance in women's likelihood of receiving cervical screening within the next year. Interpersonal aspects of the gynecological exam, as well as implications of the findings for gynecological practice are di

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb02367.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study compares the heterosexual risk behaviors, perceptions of vulnerability to HIV/AIDS, and predictors of condom use of two groups of women with very different sexual and contraceptive histories and habits–college women and women in Marine Corps recruit training. The Marines' s]exual behaviors put them at greater risk of contracting HIV than the college students; that is, Marines reported more frequent intercourse with more partners, used condoms less frequently, and had less knowledge about HIV/AIDS transmission. Consistent with these differences, college students displayed a larger illusion of unique invulnerability than did the Marines. In general, the women who had more sexual partners and more frequent sexual intercourse were less likely to report regularly using condoms. In addition, the data provide support for Weinstein and Nicholich's (1993) recent suggestion that the relation between risk perception and risk behavior is different for different groups of peopl

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb02368.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study explored the relationship between unions and professional librarians' w]ork values. Despite previous research findings on blue‐collar workers, this investigation found no significant differences in the work values of professionals in unionized versus nonunionized libraries. However, differences in work‐related values were traced when the present research looked just at the union group of the study. Data analysis indicated that registered union members and those most committed to their union placed a higher degree of importance on professional growth issues than did their counterpa

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb02369.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two studies found that people generally think of themselves as better than average drivers. Both older and younger people rated themselves slightly better than peers, with the younger people rating their peers as the worst drivers but rating themselves as if they did not belong to this group. University students rated their peers as being more similar to themselves than did nonuniversity younger people. A factor analysis found five dimensions along which people thought about driving risks: environmental and road conditions, unexpected events, driver problems, necessary or unavoidable driving risks, and voluntary driving risks. Speeding was thought of in two ways, as both an unavoidable driving risk and as a voluntary risk. Differences were found between general and specific questions, and a theoretical framework for exploring these in future research was proposed predicts differences between a situational or dispositional focus. The implications of the results for traffic safety interventions were drawn out, and specific recommendations, made for targeting such interventions.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb02370.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This longitudinal study examined self‐concept changes as a function of orthodontic treatment. Three cohorts of adolescents undergoing orthodontia in consecutive years were given the Piers‐Hams Self‐concept Scale (Piers, 1969) at various times before, during, and after the treatment process. There were no changes in physical appearance subscale scores. Total self‐concept scores did increase from before to after treatment, but only for those subjects who were tested within 6 months after the removal of their braces. When posttest measures were taken more than 6 months after treatment, no self‐concept improvement was evident. Thus, orthodontic treatment produced no lasting effects on se

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb02371.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY