摘要:

Two experiments were conducted to see if blood drive attendance could be increased by altering the content of reminder calls. In Experiment 1 college students received either a standard reminder (the place, time, and necessity of eating beforehand) or a commitment‐enhancing reminder in which they agreed to be “counted on”. Those in the latter condition were significantly more likely (p<.007) to attend a blood drive. Experiment 2 demonstrated that an alternate wording for the commitment‐enhancing message was possible; that a verbal response was necessary to ensure the commitment; and that a message enhancing altruism was not as effective. The studies suggest that asking for an additional commitment during a reminder call can appreciably increase blood drive participatio

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1989.tb01239.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Female college students filled out a questionnaire about breast self‐examination (BSE) including (a) past and intended frequency of BSE, (b) attitude toward BSE, (c) beliefs about the benefits and costs of BSE, (d) knowledge about BSE, (e) confidence in ability to perform BSE, (f) social influences to perform BSE, (g) personal experiences related to breast cancer, and (h) perceptions of susceptibility to and severity of breast cancer. Results were consistent with a model in which (a) attitude and confidence are the direct causes of BSE, (b) beliefs about the benefits and costs of BSE are the direct causes of attitude, and (c) social influences (e.g., being taught how) and knowledge are the direct causes of confidenc

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1989.tb01240.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It has generally been assumed that increases in the concrete outcomes of a procedure will result in judgments of greater procedural and distributive fairness, but research on this topic has been inconsistent. Using a classic procedural justice paradigm (Walker, LaTour, Lind,&. Thibaut, 1974), the experiment tested the effects of four levels of outcome. Forty‐eight male and female undergraduates were led to believe that their team had been wrongfully charged with cheating in a business simulation game. An adversary adjudication was held, purportedly to resolve the charge. The outcome of the adjudication was confiscation of all, two thirds, one third, or none of the subject's monetary winnings from the game. Both procedural and distributive fairness measures showed dear nonlinear outcome effects. The relationship between outcomes and both fairness measures showed some evidence of being nonmonotonic as well: A two‐thirds loss resulted in less favorable reactions than did a total loss. Ratings on other scales suggest that the nonlinear effects are due to beliefs that the judge did not fully consider the evidence in the two‐thirds loss and one‐third loss conditions. The discussion focuses on the theoretical implications of the findings for procedural justice and social exchange processes and the practical implications for conflict resolution pr

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1989.tb01241.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The possible connections between social variables such as frequency of social activity and subjective loneliness on the one hand, and extent of mass media use on the other, have received relatively little empirical attention. In this investigation, two related hypotheses concerning such links are proposed. Thecompensation hypothesisholds that persons with little social contact or greater loneliness will be more likely to utilize mass media to compensate for social impoverishment. Thebuffering hypothesismore specifically predicts that such compensation is effective; that is, persons “at risk” for loneliness because of diminished social contact may be at least partially protected from subjective loneliness due to heavy use of mass media. The hypotheses were tested in two samples: college students and a group of adolescent males attending a summer camp. Little support was found for the compensation hypothesis. While limited support was found for the buffering hypothesis, analyses also revealed an unexpected opposite effect; for the music variable, heavy media use actually intensified the association between social deficits and subjective loneliness. Some limitations of this study are discussed, and issues related to the unexpected “intensification” effects are pr

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1989.tb01242.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study was designed to look at the effects of two important factors on escalation behavior: explicit goals and specific feedback concerning negative decision consequences. Subjects were assigned to one of six conditions in a 2(explicit goal, general goal) × 3(feedback: small, moderate, or large ‐failure) factorial design. Results demonstrated that as failure feedback increased from small to moderate levels, subjects with explicit goals escalated their commitment, but they de‐escalated when feedback indicated a large goal/feedback discrepancy. In contrast, feedback had no effect on allocation behavior for general goal subjects. The study also content analyzed subjects' self‐descriptions in an attempt to explore the processes used to reach an allocation decision. The importance of goals and feedback as well as the need for alternative theoretical frameworks, such as control theory, to explain escalation behavior is dis

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1989.tb01243.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY