摘要:

In order to assess how actual obesity and stereotypes of obesity affect perceptions of love, 222 college students completed an anonymous questionnaire concerning their experiences with love, including the Love Attitudes Scale (LAS) of Hendrick and Hendrick (1986). They then saw a photograph of a male or female who appeared fat or normal weight and responded to an identical questionnaire as they thought the pictured person would. Subjects' obesity was unrelated to dating or marital experience, self‐esteem, or LAS subscales. However, fatter stimulus persons were judged to be less attractive, lower in self‐esteem, less likely to be dating, less Erotic, less Ludic, and more Manic on the LAS, and to deserve a fatter, uglier love partner. Gender differences were similar to those found in previous studies, with gender stereotypes generally reflecting an exaggeration of actual sex differences. These findings were consistent with the theory that obese people are stereotyped as having fewer resources to contribute to a relations

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb01469.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It was hypothesized that evaluations of patients' attributions for the cause and future of their illnesses would be seen as more realistic when these attributions coincided with subjects' views on the cause and future of the patients' illness. It was also thought that of the two, i.e., cause and future attributions, future attributions would be more pertinent for the observer when evaluating the adjustment of the patient. One hundred and twenty‐eight female nurses assessed the health interviews of four patients through the use of questionnaires. The first hypothesis was supported in the case of causal attributions, but it was found that patients who accepted responsibility, regardless of nurses' views, were seen as more realistic. The second hypothesis was fully supported with future attributions indicating level of coping and causal attributions indicating level of emotional support needed. These findings have implications for caretakers' perceptions of the adaptiveness, for patients of serious illness, of control attribution

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb01470.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Previous research on oligopoly bargaining has shown soft strategies to be superior to tough strategies and has suggested that this effect may be moderated by agreement pressure. However, previous research is difficult to interpret because the effects of strategy changes and subsequent strategies have not been adequately tested. Female students from introductory psychology classes were assigned the role of buyers and bargained with initially soft or tough and subsequently soft or tough programmed (seller) strategies under low or high agreement pressure. Subjects had the opportunity to bargain with the strategy (seller) of their choice and to change sellers at any time. As hypothesized, soft seller strategies were found to be superior to tough strategies. In addition, the superiority of soft seller strategies was increased by low agreement pressure.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb01471.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two experiments examined stereotype and risk factors in suntanning. In the first, subjects formed more positive impressions of a target described as having a suntan than of a control target. Ratings were not as positive, however, if the tan was portrayed as having been intentionally sought. A negative facet to the tan stereotype, in terms of perceived vanity, was also observed. In the second, subjects observed a videotape documenting the risks associated with sun exposure either before or after responding to a questionnaire dealing with attitudes and beliefs about suntanning. The results were consistent with the interpretation that the tape influenced observers in the direction of perceiving a tan as less attractive and enhancing their concern about the dangers of tanning. Subjects displayed the “optimistic bias” effect (Weinstein, 1980) in their estimated likelihood of getting skin cancer. While those with higher reported tan levels were more likely to endorse the attractiveness stereotype associated with a suntan, there was minimal evidence that these individuals were apprehensive or concerned about the risk factors. Their responses to a number of items suggested a measure of resistance or denial. Women generally indicated greater awareness and concern about risks than did men. The results of both studies suggest the important role played by images perceived to be associated with suntanning. In the context of mounting evidence regarding the carcinogenic properties of sun exposure, implications for changes in tanning behavior were conside

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb01472.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY