ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1977.tb00752.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An inverse relationship was found between the number of parental visits an institutionalized retarded child received and the distance of the parental home from the institution. When the natural parents were living together, the retarded child was shown to receive more visits than when the child's parents were separated or one parent was deceased. Single mothers were found to be living significantly closer to the facility than single fathers. Single fathers appeared to put more effort into visiting, since they visited just as often as the mothers, but had to travel further distances than the mothers to do so. Visitation frequency followed a curvilinear pattern, decreasing uniformly from 20–60 miles (from 0–20 miles visitation frequency is uniform), and then leveling

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1977.tb00753.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Based on Schwartz' (1973) model of altruistic behavior, it was hypothesized that subjects who rate high on willingness to donate blood and ascription of responsibility to the self will be more likely to donate blood than all other subjects. Willingness to donate blood and AR were measured among 180 undergraduates enrolled in an introductory psychology course at the beginning of the spring semester. Actual blood donation was measured 2 months later in the context of a Red Cross blood drive. The results supported the hypothesis.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1977.tb00754.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The removal of fault as a criterion for the distribution of justice in domestic relations represents a major innovation in jurisprudence. Such innovations provide opportunities to evaluate the effects of legal changes on behavior. This research investigated the effects of no‐fault divorce on divorce behavior in Nebraska. An interrupted time series quasiexperimental design was employed to test the hypothesis that no‐fault divorce leads to an increase in the number of divorces granted. Results showed that the new law had no reliable effect on the overall divorce rate. Separate analyses were performed for urban and rural counties, black and white couples, marriages of various lengths, and people of various ages. No effects of the law were found in most of these analyses. However, no‐fault divorce did appear to have significantly increased the number of divorces among blacks, among people over 50 years old, and among couples married longer than 25 years, although in the latter two cases the effect seemed short‐lived. The implications of this study for the current debate surrounding no‐fault divorce are

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1977.tb00755.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The development of dependency, rather than autonomy, in professional and paraprofessional helping relationships represents a practical and theoretical problem. In the present research an attempt is made experimentally to examine this issue from the viewpoint of the self‐perception hypothesis. From this perspective, immersion in the successful helping dyad was expected to foster an increased belief in self as other‐reliant, and, through cognitive balance, a lessened belief in self as self‐reliant. The fiidings indicate that such different dimensions of help as intensity, duration, and choice variously affect these attributions to self, and that these attributions in turn affect the strength of behavioral independence when failure is encountered outside the helping dyad. Some practical and theoretical implications are discussed concerning the role of induction from self‐performance in mapping self‐relate

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1977.tb00756.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Female members of an adult physical fitness club, who had been inactive for a period of at least one month, were assigned to one of four treatment groups. A control group received no treatment while the other three groups underwent different treatments during a telephone interview. A regular call‐up group received a standard club telephone interview advocating greater participation in the club's activities; a decision‐balance‐sheet group completed a list of anticipated gains and losses for attending the club's activities; a positive‐outcomes‐only group (i.e., self‐persuasion condition) completed a list of anticipated gains for attending the club's activities. Attendance rates for both the decision balance‐sheet group and the self‐persuasion group were better than for the control group. Also, attendance for the self‐persuasion group was significantly better than for the regular club call‐up group, Results are discussed in terms of self‐persuasion and emotional inoculation processes with respect to behavioral change and b

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1977.tb00757.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Will exposure to others' attitudes merely stimulate conformity to the observed norm? We predicted‐and observed in an opinion polling experiment‐that learning others' attitudes can effect a small, but significant, intensification of attitude respon

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1977.tb00758.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Proceeding from the literature on eating behavior and anxiety reduction, this study introduces food offering as a mode of intervention aimed at reducing anxiety. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) in an anxiety evoking test situation students will tend to consume more food than in a nonanxiety inducing situation such as a regular lecture; (2) eating food (i.e., peanut butter sandwiches) will result in a reduction of subjects' initial levels of test anxiety. Both hypotheses were confirmed. It also became apparent that the mereofferingof food is conducive to some anxiety reduction, presumably due to the effect on the classroom atmosphere.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1977.tb00759.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three experiments were conducted concerning the effect of attention to positive or negative images of the physical environment on altruistic behavior: I. Some subjects listed and described aspects of their residential environments that were particularly pleasant while others described particularly unpleasant aspects. II. Subjects were exposed to slides of either attractive or unattractive outdoor environments. III. Subjects viewed slides of either attractive or unattractive environments while adopting an attentional set that focused only on positive or negative aspects of the slides. After these manipulations, subjects in each experiment encountered an ostensibly unrelated confederate who sought their assistance as a favor. Experiment I subjects who had thought about pleasant environments spent significantly more time helping than those who thought about unpleasant enviornments. Experiment II subjects who saw slides of attractive environments offered significantly more aid for a longer time period than subjects who saw slides of unattractive environments. Experiment III subjects who focused on positive aspects of attractive enviornments gave more help than subjects who focused on negative aspects of attractive environments, though overall differences were not significant. Attentional set produced no differential helping effects in subjects who had viewed unattractive environments. In all three experiments mood or affect was discussed as mediating the impact of environments on behavior.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1977.tb00760.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY