摘要:

This study explores, within the context of escalating commitment, how ambiguous information affects decision making. By analyzing subjects' looking times and allocation decisions, we examined the process by which individuals abstract and use information to arrive at their decisions. We found that subjects spent more time processing ambiguous information than they did either purely optimistic or purely pessimistic information. This tendency to process ambiguous information longer increased when the decision maker was not exonerated from blame for the failure of an original decision; presented with ambiguous information, nonex‐onerated subjects also made smaller allocations than did exonerated subjects. In this study, the predominant effect of felt responsibility on allocations was withdrawal rather than escalation. Our results suggest that the ambiguity of information about the future plays an important role in escalation and that the combination of responsibility and failure may affect allocations only when the prospective information is ambiguou

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb00433.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A series of three experiments aimed to test persuasiveness of corporate image advertisements that appeal to nationalistic Australian symbols. In Experiment 1, 59 Psychology 1 students were shown two nationalistic advertisements and 32 students were shown two nonnationalistic advertisements from the same corporations. Only one nationalistic advertisement proved more persuasive than its non‐nationalistic counterpart, and this effect was unrelated to the patriotism of subjects. In Experiment 2, the persuasive nationalistic advertisement from Experiment 1 proved more persuasive than its nonnationalistic counterpart but only for subjects that felt‘Australian' (n= 50), not for those who felt‘Un‐Australian' (n= 50). To generalize beyond a single advertisement and beyond a college sample, Experiment 3 exposed a group low on Australian nationalism (n= 32) and a group high on nationalism (n= 32) to 15 advertisements varying in nationalistic content. “High nationalism” subjects judged highly nationalistic advertisements as most convincing in persuading them to‘like the company and cosmopolitan advertisements as least convincing. The opposite was true for‘low nationalism” subjects. Nationalistic corporate image advertisements are therefore only effective with highly natio

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb00434.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

There is a growing interest regarding college student attitudes, knowledge, and concern about the potential threat of nuclear war. The present study attempted to identify salient political, psychological, and educational variables that might account for differing levels of concern and knowledge about nuclear war among college students. The results of two multiple regression analyses indicated that a greater interest in international affairs, less trust in government, more exposure to sources of nuclear war information, and being female contributed to greater concern about nuclear war. Having more political knowledge in general, being male, being more a Democrat than Republican, and having a greater interest in international affairs contributed to more knowledge about nuclear war. The results are discussed in light of their implications for university education.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb00435.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two experiments, using hypothetical situations, examined predictions and recommendations regarding a woman's behavior in the dowry and wife‐beating predicaments as a function of her perceived helplessness. The dowry experiment described the situation of a stimulus person who has to decide whether to marry a boy under the dowry condition and had a 2 (subject's sex) × 2 (stimulus person's attractiveness) × 2(stimulus person's age) × 3 (stimulus person's socioeconomic status) factorial design, with estimated likelihood of marrying and recommendation to marry as the two dependent measures. The wife‐beating experiment described the situation of a battered stimulus person who has to decide whether to leave her violent husband and had a 2 (subject's sex) × 2 (stimulus person's economic independence) × 2 (stimulus person's having children) × 3 (stimulus person's socioeconomic status) factorial design, with estimated likelihood of leaving the husband and recommendation to leave the husband as the two dependent measures. The subjects of the two experiments were undergraduate or graduate students of Bombay University, with 15 subjects per cell in the dowry experiment and 13 subjects per cell in the wife‐beating experiment. Female subjects gave a stronger recommendation against marrying under the dowry condition and in favor of leaving the husband than did male subjects. The economically independent women was perceived as more likely to leave the husband than the dependent woman. Results of the wife‐beating experiment suggested greater social constraints, under some conditions, on the middle class woman as compared to upper and lower class w

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb00436.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The AIDS epidemic has had little impact on the gender differences in willingness to engage in casual sex encountered by dark and Hatfield (1989) 10 years ago. Whereas both men and women were willing to data a stranger, it was only the males who were willing to go to a female's apartment or to bed with her. These results from two experiments are consistent with the sociobiological framework. In addition, the results of Experiment 2 indicated that females were not saying no due to a concern for personal safety.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1990.tb00437.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY