摘要:

The major purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between causal attributions and symptomatology in victims of crime. Fifty‐one subjects who had not been crime victims and 120 subjects who had been crime victims participated in the study and were assessed for symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Subjects also completed two attributional questionnaires. The potential differences in symptomatology among victims of a single crime, multiple crimes, and nonvictims were investigated. Results did not indicate differences in depression and PTSD based on single vs. multiple victimization, although differences between victims and nonvictims were found. Results using the Causal Dimension Scale (CDS; Peterson et al., 1982) indicated significant differences in the causal attributions of victims and nonvictims. On the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ; Russell, 1982), group comparisons among nonvictims, PTSD victims, depression victims, both depression and PTSD victims, and victims with low symptoms did not yield significant results. However, regression analyses indicated that several subscales of both the CDS and ASQ were found to be moderate predictors of symptomatology. Implications for future research are discus

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb00615.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This research investigates the importance of legal concerns over lawsuits, fear of AIDS in the workplace, and gender as factors influencing a manager's decision to disclose AIDS health information to coworkers. Data was obtained from questionnaires administered to managers employed in service, manufacturing, and government organizations. Findings indicate that both fear of AIDS in the workplace and concern over lawsuits exhibited a significant relationship with the likelihood of sharing AIDS health information and gender was found to moderate the relationship between likelihood of sharing AIDS health information, and fear of AIDS in the workplace. Male managers exhibited a higher level of fear of AIDS than female managers and did female managers, were found to be somewhat less likely than male managers to share AIDS health information with coworkers. Study findings, suggestions for future research, and implications are discussed.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb00616.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relationships of coping strategies with levels of substance use and sexual activity, and with HIV sexual risks, are examined in a sample of gay male STD clinic patients (n = 416). Previous research has suggested that use of problem‐focused coping strategies should be negatively related to levels of substance use, levels of sexual activity, and HIV sexual risks; use of emotion‐focused coping strategies should be positively related to these outcomes. It is argued that substance use and sexual activity clearly fit within a coping perspective, but that the HIV sexual risks/coping relationship is less clear. In multivariate analysis, the problem‐focused strategy of advice seeking is negatively related to the number of types of drugs used and to the number of sexual partners; the problem‐focused strategy of support seeking is negatively related to the number of days using drugs; and the use of emotion‐focused strategies is positively related to the number of types of drugs used. Problem‐focused coping strategies are less directly related to engaging in HIV sexual risks when measures of substance use and of sexual activity are included in the prediction; emotion‐focused coping strategies are more stably related to HIV risk. Indirect effects of coping on HIV risk are also identified through the effects of coping on the number of types of drugs used, number of sex partners, and number of times having sex. It is proposed that the relationships between coping and levels of substance use and sexual activity reflect the use of these activities as ways of relieving strain, but that relationships between coping and HIV sexual risks involve less clearly understood direct and indirect

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb00617.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A daily event‐recording method, referred to as the Daily Interaction Record in Organizations (DIRO) was employed for assessing the influence of three types of social interaction on negative affect at work. For this purpose, 38 correctional officers (COs) completed forms, for a l‐week period, that described their social interactions and stressful events at work. Moreover, the forms measured the negative feelings of COs both at the beginning and at the end of the workday. The results showed that each type of social interaction had a different effect on negative affect at the end of the day. Instrumental support showed an adverse effect on negative affect because this type of support appeared to induce feelings of inferiority, which in turn led to negative affect. Rewarding companionship appeared to have a positive effect, whereas intimate support showed no effect at all on negative affect. It is concluded that a micro‐analytic approach offers interesting possibilities for fine‐grained analyses of daily occurring social interactions and psychological mechanisms involved in social support as related to negative

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb00618.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It was found that the men's and women's attitudes toward affirmative action (AA) in general were related to differences in self‐interest. In addition, consistent with predictions drawn from notions of organizational justice and attribution principles, it was found that people held different attitudes toward different methods of affirmative action. People were most favorable toward AA involving special training programs and least favorable toward AA that employed differential selection criteria for target group members. Attitudes toward quota‐based systems were intermedi

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb00619.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two studies were conducted to assess behavioral preferences in response to situations of discrimination in the workplace and in housing. In the first study, 72 black Canadians read a scenario in which they were ultimately denied an apartment on the basis of their color. The degree of evidence of discrimination in the scenario had an effect on the preference for some of the behaviors examined. In addition, it was found that some of the behaviors (e.g., seeking advice) were clearly preferred to others (e.g., organizing a boycott). In the second study, 42 Bengali Canadians read a scenario in which they applied for a position for which they had the qualifications. After an interview and notification that the offer was made to a more qualified person, they found out that they did not get the position because of their visible minority status. The results indicate that self‐directed responses to the situation (e.g., working harder) were preferred to a variety of overt actions taken within or outside the company. The results are discussed in terms of the process and problems of responding to discriminatio

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb00620.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY