摘要:

The purpose of this study was to provide a partial test of the Hollenbeck and Klein (1987) model of goal commitment. Four variables from that model (reward structure, social influence, type‐A behavior, and self‐esteem) were examined as to their relationships with the expectancy and attractiveness of goal attainment and goal commitment. The results, based on 88 college students performing an anagram task, were generally supportive. Significant person by situation interactions were also obser

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb00560.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Research on attributions about drunken aggression has suggested that intoxication serves to excuse the aggressor while increasing blame to the victim. In this study, we examined subjects' responses to a scenario depicting a violent interaction in which intoxication of aggressor and victim, victim's behavior, and aggressor's previous violent background were varied. We predicted that to the extent that the violent act violated the expectations of the observer, alcohol intoxication would serve to decrease dispositional and responsibility attributions to the aggressor. Instead, the findings showed that alcohol use led to increased attributions of causality, blame, and responsibility for both aggressor and victim. The results are discussed in terms of both attribution theory and societal factors influencing the acceptability of excuses involving alcohol.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb00561.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This project had two goals: to explain variation in residential water consumption and to evaluate methods of encouraging residents to reduce their consumption. Survey data for both studies were collected by mail questionnaire in early 1991, and water consumption figures were recorded between June and August of that year. In Study 1 (n = 264) a three‐variable regression model (number of residents, clothes washing machine loads, and property value) accounted for 60% of the variance. Attitudes, habits and values were very poor predictors of water consumption. In Study 2 (n =226) households were divided into three treatment groups: feedback only, feedback and dissonance, and a control group. Repeated‐measures ANOVA revealed that high consumers receiving dissonance and feedback or feedback alone had significantly reduced their water consumption in the treatment period. The implications of these findings are discus

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb00562.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Following Hammock and Richardson (1992), it was hypothesized that a preference among some police officers for confrontational rather than conciliatory tactics when dealing with the public may serve to escalate a conflict and thereby explain the documented individual differences in reports of officer assaults. In order to test this possibility, preferred conflict tactics and officers' recent experiences of citizen compliance (and non‐compliance) were measured for a sample of 115 English police and 48 Australian police. The results supported the hypothesized relationship by indicating a significant correlation between preferences for specific confrontational and coercive tactics and experiences of noncompliance from the publi

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb00563.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Instead of being impartial, a mediator may side with one party as a function of the disputants' power differences, the mediator's legitimacy judgments, or the disputants' capacity to sanction the mediator. According to the power balancing theory, a mediator sides with the party that has a power disadvantage vis‐à‐vis the other party. The theory on siding postulates that the mediator sides with the party having more legitimate claims and/or more sanction capacity. A questionnaire study showed that organizational mediators side with the less powerful rather than the more powerful party, especially when this weaker party has equal rather than less capacity to sanction the mediator. Thus, the tendency to balance power is moderated by the mediator's self‐interest. Additionally, mediators tend to favor the party they see as more legi

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb00564.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY