摘要:

This research examined the impact of voluntary Stigmatization, depression, and self‐esteem on downward social comparisons. The stigmatized group was 51 mothers who chose to become parents as single women; 51 demographically similar married mothers were the nonstigmatized group. The women described their stressors and rated these stressors relative to other mothers of the same marital status and relative to mothers who differed in marital status. Consistent with downward comparison theory, Stigmatization increased the likelihood of making downward comparisons. Contrary to the theory, high self‐esteem and low levels of depression resulted in self‐enhancing comparisons, but only when individuals compared themselves to others who differed in Stigmatization status. The combination of these individual difference variables and Stigmatization increased the tendency to make downward compar

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb01826.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The hypothesis that self‐monitoring would moderate the relationship between work stressors and health was tested on a sample of 136 registered nurses. Results showed that subjects who were more other‐directed and who were more concerned with situational appropriateness had more mental and physical distress when exposed to higher levels of work stress

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb01827.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study sought to determine the role that knowledge of abortion information and various demographic variables play in discriminating between those who approve and those who disapprove of abortion. Four hundred and fifty‐four college students completed the Abortion Knowledge Test, constructed by the researchers, as well as an abortion attitudes questionnaire which asked subjects to indicate their degree of approval or disapproval of abortion in the case of 7 different scenarios. Attitudes toward abortion were significantly predicted by knowledge of abortion‐related information above and beyond the significant influence of degree of religiosity, religion, and age. No significant gender differences were found. Respondents who indicated approval of abortion scored significantly higher on the Abortion Knowledge Test and tended to be older, less religious, and non‐Catholic compared to those who disapproved of abo

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb01828.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This research examines the relative importance of parental and friends' influences on adolescents' smoking behavior and changes in the effects of social influences during adolescence. Data were collected at 4 times from 7th to 9th grades. Random‐effects ordinal regression models were employed to predict the repeated classification of adolescent smoking status using time effects, prior smoking status, friends' smoking, and parental smoking. In general, the effects of friends' smoking are stronger than those of parental smoking, and these differences increase over time. In addition, friends' smoking has greater effects on nonsmokers than smokers. Separate models for males and females disclose some gender differences. In particular, the effects of friends' smoking are stronger for females than for males, and the increasing trend of friends' influences is more noticeable for females than for males. Models for 4 ethnic groups also suggest differential susceptibility to social influences in different culture

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb01829.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY