摘要:

This study examined the influence of Type A and B behavior on the reported satisfaction of dating couples. It was hypothesized that the competitive style of the Type A would hinder the smooth functioning of intimate relationships, particularly when exhibited by the female partner. Results supported this prediction and further indicated that Type A females were involved in relationships that developed to the stage of intimacy (i.e., dating) nearly twice as quickly as relationships involving Type B women. These results suggest the importance of the Type A and B patterns in the investigation of interpersonal relationships.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1986.tb01140.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of age of witness and age of suspect on eyewitness testimony were investigated. Forty‐eight elementary‐school children and forty‐eight college students viewed a slide sequence of a mock crime. This was followed by photo identification of the suspect, descriptive and peripheral objective questions related to the crime, and a second photo identification of the suspect. The results indicated that descriptive questions were answered better than peripheral questions by adults, whereas there was no difference between question types for children. Children and adults were equally accurate in photo identification per se, but children were less stable in their choices from test to retest. There was no evidence of an interaction of age of witness with age of suspect in photo identific

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1986.tb01141.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper reports on the use of devices derived from the Lost Letter Technique as measures of religious prejudice in sensitive areas within Northern Ireland. Studies were carried out in six urban areas using the Misdirected Letter Technique (Howitt, Craven, Iveson, Kremer, McCabe,&Rolph, 1977), and a further development dubbed the Quasi‐Questionnaire Technique. It was found that return rates of letters/questionnaires from traditionally violent Catholic areas were influenced by the assumed religion of the intended recipient/sender, but return rates from other areas were unaffected by these religious considerations. The work is taken as adding further support to the contention that the incidence of forms of religious prejudice in Northern Ireland is highly variable and dependent on the interplay of a range of factors. Further, it is argued that only by using unobtrusive measures such as employed here can these complexities be understood more completel

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1986.tb01142.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study examined potential mediators of intentions to engage in behaviors related to the prevention of nuclear war. Protection motivation theory (Rogers, 1975, 1983) suggested that perceived severity of the consequences of nuclear war, perceived likelihood of occurrence of nuclear war, perceived efficacy of responses designed to prevent nuclear war, and perceived capability of engaging in those responses would combine additively and interactively to predict behavioral intentions. The theory further suggested that the effects of a fear‐arousing communication on behavioral intentions would be mediated indirectly by changes in the predictor variables. Thus, a second purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of the program “The Day After”, which dramatically depicted a nuclear holocaust, on viewers' affect (fear‐arousal) and cognitions. Surprisingly, the program had no effects on viewers that we could document. We were, however, able to predict behavioral intentions, for both viewers and nonviewers (n= 282), from subjects' affect and cognitions, providing support for protection motivation theory in a new

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1986.tb01143.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present research investigated the jury deliberation process. Representative juror subjects viewed a realistic videotaped trial consisting of three offenses, deliberated in groups of six and reached verdicts on each charge, and completed a post‐deliberation questionnaire that assessed individual cognitions. Deliberations were videotaped and content‐analyzed. The results indicated that the initial vote distribution was a good predictor of the final verdict; majorities tended to prevail. Deliberation content was concentrated primarily in two areas: (a) the facts of the case and (b) statements of preference for guilty or not guilty verdicts. Path analyses suggested that decisions on the first charge were based jointly on the content of deliberations and on the group vote distribution, whereas decisions on later charges were based largely on normative pressures. Jurors' post‐deliberation impressions of the trial were affected by whether or not they had changed votes during delibera

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1986.tb01144.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

With the knowledge that medical students experience a variety of academic pressures as well as interpersonal stress during medical school, an assessment was made of emotional reactions among male and female students during the initial months of medical training. Questionnaires were completed at the start of school and 4 months later for the incidence of positive and negative emotions and tension‐related symptoms. Students also estimated their midterm grade point average (GPA) and rated the friendliness of their peers and their experience of sex discrimination. By midterm, all students experienced negative emotions and symptoms more frequently and positive emotions less frequently than at the beginning of the school year. Additionally, women students reported more negative affect and physical symptoms at both time points than men. Women also reported a greater decrease in positive emotions and perceived peer friendliness than men. Higher anticipated GPA was associated with more frequent experience of positive emotions and less frequent negative emotions and physical symptoms in both sexes, but this pattern was stronger for women than for men. The implications of these findings are discusse

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1986.tb01145.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study uses data from adolescents matched with data from their friends to examine whether reference group effects on adolescent sexuality should be thought of as operating through the sharing of norms or the modeling of behavior. We observe that perception of attitudes has such a trivial reality component and such a strong autistic component that it cannot serve as a mechanism of peer influence. Perception of sexual behavior has a reality component which is as large as its autistic component, and large enough to serve as a route of influence. We reach two conclusions: (1) Reference group effects on adolescent sexual behavior probably work through behavior modeling rather than through normative influence. (2) Studies which infer peer influence on sexual behavior using onlyperceptionof peers will arrive at erroneous conclusions.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1986.tb01146.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY