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1. |
Intrusive Thoughts as Determinants of Distress in Parents of Children With Cancer1 |
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Journal of Applied Social Psychology,
Volume 25,
Issue 14,
1995,
Page 1215-1230
Martica Hall,
Andrew Baum,
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摘要:
This study investigated the relationship between frequency of intrusive thoughts and susceptibility to reminiscent stimuli and consequent distress in parents of children with cancer and parents with healthy children. Cancer‐related words embedded in the Stroop task (e.g., “chemo” printed in green ink), served as the reminiscent stimuli. Results indicated that frequency of intrusive thoughts reported 2 months before the experimental session was positively correlated with evoked thoughts and associated distress among parents with ill children. Intrusive thoughts predicted 11–17% of the variance in evoked thoughts and in elicited distress, whereas other symptoms of chronic stress did not predict evoked thoughts and elicited distress. Cognitive and affective task reactivity by parents of children with cancer were not accompanied by behavioral or physiological reactivity. Future research should examine the extent to which more acute and naturalistic intrusive thoughts elicit reactivity across cognitive, affective, behavioral, and physiological dimensions, and long‐term physical and mental health effects associated with chronic intrusive
ISSN:0021-9029
DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb02615.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1995
数据来源: WILEY
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2. |
Linkers and Nonlinkers: Goal Beliefs as a Moderator of the Effects of Everyday Hassles on Rumination, Depression, and Physical Complaints1 |
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Journal of Applied Social Psychology,
Volume 25,
Issue 14,
1995,
Page 1231-1244
William D. McIntosh,
Thomas F. Harlow,
Leonard L. Martin,
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摘要:
We blocked subjects on their tendency to link the attainment of lower order goals (e.g., being one's ideal weight) to the attainment of a higher‐order goal (i.e., being happy). We then assessed the number of everyday hassles these subjects experienced, the amount of rumination they reported, their level of depression, and the extent to which they were bothered by a number of physical symptoms. These measures were taken at 2 time periods, 2 weeks apart. In the first session, subjects who tended dispositionally to link lower‐order goals to higher order ones were more likely than were those who did not make this link to ruminate, experience depression, and complain of physical symptoms. At Session 2, linkers who had experienced a high number of hassles in Session 1 reported higher depression and more bother from physical symptoms than did any of the other groups. These results are consistent with the growing body of evidence indicating a relation between rumination and depression and suggest that one factor that determines rumination is the extent to which people link the attainment of lower‐order goals to the attainment of higher‐orde
ISSN:0021-9029
DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb02616.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1995
数据来源: WILEY
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3. |
Origins of Ruminative Thought: Trauma, Incompleteness, Nondisclosure, and Suppression |
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Journal of Applied Social Psychology,
Volume 25,
Issue 14,
1995,
Page 1245-1261
Daniel B. Gold,
Daniel M. Wegner,
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PDF (1008KB)
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摘要:
The purpose of this paper is to discuss theories of the origin of ruminative thought. We begin by providing a working definition of rumination, separating rumination from other forms of cognitive activity and distinguishing ruminations from ordinary memories. Then, we review what we believe are the major categories of theory that attempt to account for the existence and nature of rumination. These include theories of traumatization, incompleteness, nondisclosure, and thought suppression. Ruminations may originate for a number of reasons, but it seems they may continue because of our attempts to control them. Evidence from studies on thought suppression suggests that the suppression of unwanted thoughts may in fact fuel the very emotions and thoughts we are trying to avoid. Thought suppression may set up a state in which we not only increase the amount we think about an unwanted thought, but potentially also sharpen our emotional reaction to those thoughts.
ISSN:0021-9029
DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb02617.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1995
数据来源: WILEY
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4. |
Cognitive Processing of Traumas: The Role of Intrusive Thoughts and Reappraisals1 |
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Journal of Applied Social Psychology,
Volume 25,
Issue 14,
1995,
Page 1262-1296
Melanie A. Greenberg,
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PDF (1932KB)
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摘要:
Cognitive processing theories of post‐traumatic adaptation (Horowitz, 1986a; Janoff‐Bulman, 1992) propose that repeated comparisons of trauma content with preexisting cognitive schemas result in trauma reappraisal or schematic revision. Thus, intrusive ruminations should facilitate cognitive integration and resolution of past traumas. However, research has shown that some survivors become stuck in endless, repetitive rumination cycles. This raises the issue of how to differentiate ruminations that promote cognitive integration from those that merely prolong or exacerbate psychological distress. Identifying substantive dimensions for categorizing cognitions about past traumas could enhance prediction of their effects on adjustment and inform clinical treatment interventions. This paper seeks to: (a) Assess the current state of theoretical knowledge concerning cognitive adaptation to trauma, (b) integrate theoretical postulates with empirical research findings, (c) define gaps or inconsistencies in our understanding of the cognitive adaptation process, and (d) identify foci for future theory and resea
ISSN:0021-9029
DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb02618.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1995
数据来源: WILEY
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