摘要:

Four hundred and fifty‐five adolescents estimated the subjective probability risk for lightning and tornado deaths. Based on observations by Slovic, Fischhoff, and Lichtenstein (1982), we predicted that teenagers would underestimate the risks for lightning fatalities relative to tornado deaths. This prediction was confirmed for the sample as a whole. However, personal experience with both lightning and tornado events contributed to more realistic risk perceptions. Attention to news reports, thrill seeking, and gender did not contribute to perception. The findings are discussed in the context of the availability heuristi

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00922.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We surveyed 714 hourly and 516 salaried employees of a midwestern telephone company to test the effects of information load on work‐related outcomes. Using curvilinear regression analyses, we found support for our hypothesis that employees are less satisfied with outcomes as the load of information deviates positively or negatively from some level. We also predicted, and found, that this quadratic function was more prevalent in the hourly group than in the salaried group. Implications, future research directions, and limitations of the present study are discusse

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00923.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We tested the cross‐national similarity of additive and interactive variants of the Contingent Consistency Hypothesis in regard to antinuclear activist behavior. We predicted that attitudinally consistent behavior is influenced (a) more by specific than general attitudes, (b) by facilitation between normative support and personal attitudes in an interactive manner, and (c) by a fundamental or basic social‐psychological process that can be demonstrated in people from different countries and cultures. These three hypotheses were tested for general (pacifist) attitudes, specific (antinuclear) attitudes, normative support, and antinuclear political activism in samples of college students from the U. S., England, and Sweden. In each sample, specific attitudes were strong, unique predictors of activist behavior (more so than general attitudes), while normative support had no additive influence on this behavior beyond that explained by attitudes for U. S. and British students. Interaction effects were found for both pacifist and nuclear attitudes in conjunction with normative support among the U. S. students, but only for pacifist attitudes in the British sample and only with antinuclear attitudes in the Swedish sample. In contrast with other studies where interaction effects were hypothesized for behaviors that were deviant or typically initiated by others, the present interactions were obtained for lawful behaviors that are often begun and/ or performed alone. With some notable variations, these results were confirmed in each sample, partially validating the cross‐national generality of the interactive attitude‐behavior model for activist b

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00924.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to examine the decision process in a simulated personnel selection interview using Weiner's (1986) attribution theory. Weiner's theory is particularly relevant to the selection interview because it provides a sequential conceptual framework that identifies the key variables associated with an applicant's work history and an interviewer's cognitions, affect, and decision to hire. Interview transcripts, which varied in the Outcome (positive‐negative), Locus (internal‐external), and Stability (stable‐unstable) of an applicant's previous work history were administered to university students who played the role of a personnel selection interviewer. Three dependent variables assessed the interviewer's expectancies of the applicant's future job performance (expectancy). the interviewer's emotional reaction (hopefulness), and the probability of the interviewer hiring the applicant (decision). Results indicated that Weiner's attribution theory provides a promising framework to assess the decision process in a personnel selection interview. Personnel interviewers detected differences in the causes of past work outcomes offered by applicants, which, in turn, affected their expectancies, emotions, and decisions to hite. The implications of the results for the interview process and Weiner's attribution theory are disc

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00925.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present experiment asked two questions: Does prejudicial pretrial publicity produce bias that may impair juror objectivity and, if it does, can extended, defense attorney‐conducted voir dire (jury examination procedure) remedy its untoward effects? Subjects were 68 college undergraduates who had or had not read pretrial publicity one week before viewing a mock murder trial. Just prior to viewing the trial, subjects experienced either minimal or extended voir dire. Both pretrial publicity and voir dire produced significant main effects on subjects' perceptions of defendant culpability. Subjects exposed to pretrial publicity perceived the defendant as more culpable than subjects not exposed to pretrial publicity. Subjects who experienced extended voir dire perceived the defendant as less culpable than subjects who experienced minimal voir dire. The interaction between pretrial publicity and voir dire was nonsignificant, indicating that, contrary to our hypothesis, voir dire did not reduce the impact of pretrial publicit

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00926.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Anabolic steroids are an attractive and apparently effective class of drugs which builds muscle mass, strength, aggressiveness, and confidence. Given cultural norms for male physical attractiveness, psychosocial effects have been deemed important in understanding steroid use. As a result, the present study focused on the perceptions that others have of anabolic steroid users. A written description was given to subjects to read. After reading the person description, subjects rated the story protagonist on an 18‐item questionnaire. Differences among person descriptions on each item were examined. Analyses indicate that: a) subjects view the bodybuilding steroid‐user significantly more negatively than the diet conscious bodybuilder or an athletically active individual, and b) subjects view a cocaine‐using bodybuilder and a steroid‐using bodybuilder similarly. Implications of these findings are di

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00927.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY