摘要:

The ability of whites and blacks to correctly identify previously‐seen faces of each race was assessed in a factorial design varying the length of time between inspection and recognition phases (immediate, 2 days, or 7 days) and incentive (possibility of monetary reward for accurate recognition). Recognition of faces of males was poorer after the longer time delays, but no comparable delay over time occurred for pictures of females. Subjects' criteria for responding became more lax after the longer time delays. Incentive had no significant direct impact on recognition accuracy or on subjects' criterion levels. A significant degree of own‐race bias in recognition accuracy occurred, but only among whtte subjects. An own‐race bias in response criteria occurred with subjects of both races. Implications of these findings are disc

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1982.tb00863.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The management of a commons dilemma analog by same‐age, same‐sex groups of children from age 3 to age 16 was examined. The effectiveness of commons dilemma management by the groups was greater than expected. Effectiveness increased with age and from one period to another. There were no sex differences, but a significant age x sex interaction indicated that girls manage the commons better in the younger groups and boys manage it better in the older gro

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1982.tb00864.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Participants who varied in their levels of sex guilt and sexual knowledge indicated the extent of their approval for abortion in response to 10 case histories of abortion applicants. The case histories were varied in terms of the circumstances under which conception had occurred. Sex guilt was significantly related to abortion decisions while sexual knowledge registered little effect. Low sex guilt students were more favorable toward abortion requests than were high sex guilt students, but both groups were more favorable toward abortion when conception was the result of failure of a contraceptive method than when it was due to the applicant's inconsistent use of the method. In addition, high sex guilt students' abortion decisions were significantly influenced by the relationship of the applicant to her coital partner. When the relationship was “steady,” they approved the request, whereas abortion was denied to the applicant who conceived with a casual partner. The results were discussed within the context of the debate over the morality of abortion and the problem of unwanted adolescent pregnancy. It was suggested that sex guilt may play a larger role in these issues than has been previously recognized, and that presenting the “facts” (sexual knowledge) may have little impact in abortion related de

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1982.tb00865.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In recent years, conceptualizations of the human crowding phenomena have developed from simple deterministic ones to those that emphasize the interaction of environmental, social, and personal variables. Furthermore, the influences of many variables suspected to mediate the density response relationship have been empirically tested in a variety of settings. It must be recognized, however, that the results of these tests may be setting specific and may not generalize to other setting types. The present study examines the influence of the social relationship between occupants, perceived similarity, formal group structure, and previous residential experience on the association between household density and attitudinal, behavioral, and health measures of well‐being. The results of a survey analysis suggest that household density does have effects on satisfaction and behavior; however, no health effects were found. Furthermore, these reactions to density are exacerbated when the social relationship between occupants is close and when individuals have a history of high density living conditions. Although some results seem counterintuitive, they can be explained by adopting a dynamic casual model of crowdin

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1982.tb00866.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Favorability of outcome and clarity of decision rule were manipulated in a simulated conflict resolved by an impartial third party. Overall, subjects who received favorable outcomes were more satisfied than were those who received unfavorable outcomes. In addition, favorability of verdict and clarity of decision rule interacted in affecting overall satisfaction. Among subjects receiving an unfavorable verdict, those whose outcomes had been determined by a defined decision rule experienced greater satisfaction than those whose outcomes were based on an unclear, undefined rule. However, given a favorable outcome, the effects of clarity of decision rule were reversed‐subjects reported greater satisfaction with the undefined than the defined rule. These results are discussed with reference to the particularism/universalism of defined and undefined decision rule

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1982.tb00867.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thibaut and Walker's claim that criminal courtroom proceedings are subject to pervasive recency effects was experimentally investigated. Previous research on order effects in a legal setting is critically reviewed; it is argued that this research fails to provide adequate simulation of courtroom protocol. An experiment was designed to retain the structure of a criminal trial while manipulating witness and testimony order. In contrast to earlier research, primacy effects were found. The greatest number of guilty verdicts by simulated jurors occurred when the strongest “guilty” witnesses and “guilty” testimony by these witnesses came first. These results are discussed with respect to (a) witness and testimony order, (b) length of case, and (c) type of ca

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1982.tb00868.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY