摘要:

The present study investigated the relationship between performance goal orientation and performance on a complex task. It was hypothesized that cognitive interference would mediate this relationship. In addition, it was hypothesized that cognitive ability would moderate the relationship between cognitive interference and task performance. A three‐variable suppressor relationship indicated that, although the direct effect of performance goal orientation on performance was one that produced better performance, the indirect effect of performance goal orientation indicated that performance orientations were associated with increases in cognitive interference, and these increases in cognitive interference were associated with poorer performance. Thus, the beneficial aspect of performance goal orientation (i. e., the direct effect) was counterbalanced by the dysfunctional aspects of performance goal orientation (i. e., the associated increase in cognitive interference). Support was also found for the proposed moderation of ability on the cognitive interference‐task performance relationship for final, but not initial performance. The results are interpreted in light of recent discussions regarding the influence of goal orientation on task performance and cognitive interfere

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01068.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Although cognitive appraisal, situational properties, and attributions are important parts of the stress process, few multidimensional measures are available to examine these constructs simultaneously. This paper investigates the properties of the Dimensions of Stress Scale (DSS). The DSS is a brief self‐report questionnaire designed to assess appraisals of personal relevance (salience) and control; stressor properties (novelty, duration, and predictability); and self‐attributions (causality). The items were derived theoretically, using the cognitive‐phenomenological model of stress and the stress literature. Empirical support for the six dimensions (scales) was generated first on a sample of elderly individuals (n= 269) and then replicated on an independent sample of younger individuals (n= 162). In both investigations, the factor structure of five of the scales was shown to approximate a simple structure. Evidence of internal consistency and content validity was also provided. The scales’ construct validity was supported by their relationships with stressor type (e. g., physical health problems, relationships, work, finances, individuals with indeterminate Western Blots, and caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease), coping, and depressed mood. The DSS should be useful in examining stressful expe

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01069.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A study was conducted with 225 college students to examine the effects of three organizational and policy variables on the perceived fairness and invasiveness of drug‐testing practices. Specifically, the effects of warning type (no warning vs. advance warning), consequence of a positive drug test (termination vs. rehabilitation), and safety sensitivity of the job (safety sensitive vs. safety nonsensitive) were examined. Results suggested that specific features of the policy, as well as type of job under consideration, affected perceived invasiveness and fairness of drug testing. In general, testing was seen as more appropriate for safety‐sensitive jobs, that is, those in which drug‐impaired performance presented a high degree of danger for individuals. Although rehabilitation was perceived as more fair than termination, when safety was an issue, termination was viewed as a justifiable response by the company. Implications for organizational drug‐testing policies are di

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01070.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Studies of technology in the workplace generally report that the use of de‐skilling technology results in dissatisfied and alienated employees. To determine whether this relation existed in nonworkplace settings, a series of surveys were conducted to assess the relation between the kind of technologies people use and feelings of competence. In three separate surveys of cooking, photography, and driving cars, a positive relation was found between the skill requirements of the technology that people use and their assessment of their ability and level of enjoyment in these activitie

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01071.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An empirical investigation with 117 superior‐subordinate dyads examines the moderating effects of subordinate gender on the relationships between the strength of upward influence tactics and three outcome variables: performance ratings, psychosocial mentoring functions, and career‐related mentoring functions. The results support predictions that men who employ stronger upward influence tactics obtain higher performance ratings and more career‐related mentoring functions, and women who employ weaker upward influence tactics obtain more psychosocial mentoring functions. Implications of the findings for theory, research, and practice are disc

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01072.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY