摘要:

A mock jury study was conducted to evaluate the effects of videotaped crime scenes on juries. Forty‐eight subjects took the Juror Bias Scale and read a murder trial transcript. In addition, subjects viewed a videotape of an actual murder victim presented as the victim described in the transcript (trial‐relevant video) or as one taken from another case (trial‐nonrelevant video), or viewed no tape at all. Subjects filled out a questionnaire, then returned two days later to act as mock jurors in an assault case. Results indicated that exposure to the trial‐relevant crime scene led subjects to set lower standards of proof and brought out individual juror biases for the prosecution. On a more general level, the crime scene tape led subjects to make lower estimates of the homicide rate, to believe the rate was increasing, and to view other crimes more seriously. Overall, the findings suggest that crime scene videos can prejudice the outcome of a crimina

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00481.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study compared the effectiveness of cooperative, distributive, and integrative strategies in oligopoly negotiations involving multiple issues. Seventy‐five female subjects from introductory psychology classes assumed the role of buyers and negotiated with three programmed strategies (sellers). Subjects could bargain with the seller of their choice and could change sellers at any time. Results indicated that subjects made most offers to and reached most agreements with the cooperative seller. Furthermore, the cooperative seller strategy tended to earn most profit per customer contact and produced most joint profit per customer contact. However, the integrative seller tended to produce most seller profit per agreement and joint profit per agreemen

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00482.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Following work on organizational citizenship behaviors (cf. Organ, 1988). the present study examined job satisfaction, perceptions of organizational support, and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship behaviors. Regression analyses on data collected from workers in a small tooling plant indicated that exchange ideology moderated the relationships between ratings of OCB's and organizational support scores. For tool workers whose attitudes and behaviors were more dependent on organization reinforcement, OCB ratings were positively related to organizational support. However, for those whose attitudes and behaviors were more independent of organization reinforcement. OCB ratings were considerably less related to organizational support scores. The pattern was similar for OCB ratings and job satisfaction scores. These data are consistent with those reported previously (e.g., Eisenberger. Huntington. Hutchinson,&Sowa, 1986) and suggest that the salience of job attitudes in the decision to manifest organizational citizenship behaviors may be influenced by the individual's exchange ideology.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00483.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examined life experience and demographic variables which impact on racial identification. One hundred and sixty‐two African American adults. including 62 males and 100 females, were interviewed to identify and determine the importance of demographic versus life experience variables with respect to the level of African American racial identification. The data were collected utilizing a structured interview protocol and a 31‐item racial identification questionnaire. Information on experiences with race relations, income, education. political and social activities. the level and quality of intra‐group interaction. and the orientation of subjects on three parameters of racial identification‐psychological. physical, and sociocultural—was collected. The results indicate that perceived experiences of racism have an important impact on each parameter of racial identification. Within‐group conflict variables have their greatest impact on the physical parameter and within‐group interaction has its greatest impact on psychological racial i

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00484.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To assess contagion for suicide and seeking mental health help, 128 high school students read a short vignette about a teen under stress. Half of them were told that this teen knew someone in the community who had similar problems and had committed suicide, and half were told that the teen knew someone in the community who had similar problems and had sought help from a mental health professional. A 2 (Gender of Respondent) × 2 (Gender of Victim) × 2 (Vignette: Response to Stress) analysis of variance indicated a significant main effect for response, and a significant two‐way interaction for gender of respondent and response to stress. These high school students thought contagion occurred for suicide as well as seeking mental health help. Girls tended to be more responsive to seeking help, whereas boys were slightly more responsive to suicide. An implication is that publicity about seeking help may ameliorate suicidal contag

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00485.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The acquaintance predicament of a rape victim was examined in six experiments with between‐subjects designs with samples drawn from the undergraduate student population of the University of Bombay. The experiments used rape vignettes for the manipulation of all independent variables except subject's sex and were done in three pairs such that each pair had the same independent variables and first dependent measure, namely, recommended years of imprisonment for the rapist. The second dependent measure was attributed victim's fault in the first experiment and perceived likelihood of rape in the second experiment of each pair. The first pair of experiments had a 2 (subject's sex) × 2 (acquainted vs. unacquainted rapist) × 3 (rapist's status: manager, stenotypist, or watchman) × 2 (complaint vs. no complaint by victim) design, with the rape victim being described as a stenotypist. The second pair of experiments differed from the first pair in only one respect, with victim's marital status (married vs. divorced victim) replacing the independent variable of complaint of the first pair. The third pair of experiments had a 2 (subject's sex) × 2 (physically hurt vs. not hurt victim) × 5 (rapist's relationship with victim: husband, fiance, friend, acquaintance, or stranger) design. Female subjects, as compared to male subjects, recommended longer imprisonment for the rapist, attributed less fault to the victim, and perceived greater likelihood of rape. The victim was attributed less fault in case of stranger rape versus acquaintance rape and also less fault in the complaint versus the no complaint condition. Longer imprisonment was recommended for the rapist when the victim was physically hurt rather than no

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1991.tb00486.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY