摘要:

This study, involving 224 employed adults (aged 40 to 69), investigated the potential moderating effect of gender on the effectiveness of developmental coping dispositions at work. Moderated regression results indicated that, even after controlling for occupational differences, tenacious, goal‐directed coping tendencies were more highly related to occupational satisfaction and well‐being for middle‐aged and older men than for similar women (p<.05). These differences may reflect the operation of gender‐role stereotypes that impede the progress of women

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb02737.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study examined the relationships among perceived outcome, causal attributions, affect, expected success, and intentions to exercise following a structured exercise program. Participants were 105 volunteers who had just completed a 12‐week exercise program. Results indicated that perceived outcome over objective outcome (% attendance) was significantly more important for understanding the attribution process. Interesting interactions indicated that (a) individuals who made personally controllable attributions reported higher positive affect following perceived success, but lower positive affect following perceived failure than those who made personally uncontrollable attributions, and (b) individuals who made external attributions following perceived failure reported higher expected success than those who made internal attributions. Finally, both positive affect and expected success showed positive relationships with intention to exercise following the program. It was suggested that attribution theory may be beneficial to understanding continued exercise following structured exercise program

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb02738.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examines 3 theoretical arguments explaining employees' sense of control: (a) The choice process hypothesis stipulates that employees' sense of control is a consequence of their choice processes and perceived choice size; (b) the empowerment hypothesis proposes that sense of control results from the empowerment role of social and organizational support which endorse and authorize employees' job activities; and (c) the buffering hypothesis indicates that a successful management of job‐related stressors is the key to greater sense of control, and that social support plays a role in buffering the potential negative influences of job‐related stressors. An assessment of the hypotheses over a sample of 1,585 hospital employees in Korea provided overall support for the choice process hypothesis and partial support for both the empowerment and the buffering hypotheses. We discuss some practical and cross‐cultural research implications of the fin

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb02739.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We examined cardiovascular (CV) reactivity and hostility among 30 male undergraduates after either nonviolent (billiards) or 1 of 2 levels of violent videogame play. Violence varied among 2 versions of the game Mortal Kombat (MK1 = less violent, MK2 = more violent)—all other factors (graphics, sound) were held equal. As expected, increased game violence elicited greater CV reactivity and higher scores on hostility measures. Subjects who played MK1 or MK2 had higher heart rate reactivity than those who played billiards. Subjects who played MK2 showed greater systolic blood pressure reactivity than those who played MK1 or billiards. Finally, subjects who played MK2 scored higher on the hostility measures than those who played MK1, who in turn scored higher than those who played billiards. These results indicate that the level of videogame violence, not just violence per se, should be of concern to consumer

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb02740.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using survey data of a Dutch national sample, the present paper examines how people's willingness to engage in personal contact with persons with AIDS (PWAs) is influenced by different emotional reactions to PWAs. Results indicate that each of the three measured emotional reactions to PWAs (fear, irritation, and pity) independently predicts subjects' readiness to have personal contact with PWAs. Disconfirming the often assumed relationship between “homophobia” and fear of PWAs, it was found that attitudes toward homosexuals are unrelated to fear of PWAs. Instead, these attitudes are associated with emotions of a more aggressive nature (irritation). Risk perception seems to be related to the emotions of fear and irritation, whereas responsibility attribution seems to be negatively associated with p

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb02741.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY