摘要:

Subjects received descriptions of hypothetical employees who received job offers from another company. Employees who received more attractive job offers were given higher counteroffers by subjects, who also attributed higher inputs to them. Subjects' treatment of nonproductive employees depended on organizational personnel policy. Those who were told to follow a policy of weeding out nonproductive employees gave low counteroffers to such employees, presumably to encourage them to quit. When permitted t o follow their own discretion, male subjects behaved as if they wanted to be rid of nonproductive employees, whereas female subjects behaved as if they wanted to retain such employees. The results indicate that administrators may perceive job offers to employees as either a threat to organizational stability or an opportunity to rid themselves of unwanted employees.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1976.tb02405.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It was hypothesized in a two‐person situation that students would perform significantly better on intellectual tasks when paired with a liked other than when paired with a disliked other. In a laboratory experiment, 108 male undergraduates performed one of three types of intellectual tasks with an attitudinally similar or dissimilar partner or with a partner about whom the subject had no attitude information. Individuals paired with a similar partner felt affectively more positive than those paired with a dissimilar partner (p<.01). Individuals paired with a similar other performed significantly better on the tasks than those paired with a dissimilar partner (p<.01

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1976.tb02406.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study assessed the influence of strengthening a verbal self‐referent statement on later corresponding nonverbal behavior performed outside the treatment setting. Seventeen preschool children were randomly assigned to two groups: (1) Experimental group, in which subjects were reinforced for repeating anti‐litter statements; (2) control group in which subjects merely repeated statements unrelated to littering. Subsequent paper‐picking behavior in the lavatory was counted. The results suggest that verbal, training can strongly augment the control function of self‐repeated instructions in preschool children despite a time lapse between training and opportunity to perform the behavior, and a difference between the training and the performance s

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1976.tb02407.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two field experiments tested the Piliavin and Piliavin cost‐reward model of helping. The model predicts that the most helping should occur when the costs for helping are low and when the costs for not helping are high. The results of Experiment 1 provided partial support for this prediction, and the results of Experiment 2 were completely consistent with the mode

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1976.tb02408.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The possible influence of television on sex‐stereotyped behavior was investigated in three studies. In Study I the portrayal of male and female central characters on children's Saturday morning television programs was examined, and a number of differences consistent with current sex‐role stereotypes were found. Males and females were portrayed in different roles, they manifested different behaviors, and their behaviors were followed by different consequences. In addition, male characters were more frequent than females, and they exhibited higher rates of behavior. Similar differences in the portrayal of males and females in the commercial announcements accompanying these programs were found in Study II. The sexes differed in their frequency of appearance, their location, their roles, their expertise, and the consequences of their behavior. In Study III the effects on children's behavior of exposure to sex‐stereotyped vs. non‐stereotyped behavior by adult televised models were examined. It was found that children manifested greater imitation and recall for the behavior of a same‐sex model with the result that boys exposed to “stereotyped” behavior by a male and female model manifested and recalled relatively more “masculine” behavior than those exposed to “non‐stereotyped” behavior, while the opposite trend obtained for girls. Implications of these three studies for television's contribution to sex‐stereotyp

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1976.tb02409.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Male and female subjects rated female victims of misfortune after observing videotapes of the victims detailing their injuries to doctors. Contrary to predictions of just wortd theory, subjects derogated culpable victims more than innocent victims. When observers identified with the victim, through political ties, derogation was reduced. It was concluded that responses to victims are described by a balance theory framework in which the observer's relationships to the victim and the victimizing agent determine whether (s)he will react to victims with sympathy or derogation. It was further concluded that these relationships can be predicted from an understanding of the social and political context shared by the perceiver and the victim.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1976.tb02410.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Subjects responded to one of four cases of rape which they read by indicating how many years in prison the rapist should serve as a penalty. In Experiment 1, the cases presented the victim as either provocatively dressed or nonprovocatively dressed, and either pregnant as a result of the rape or not pregnant. Older subjects gave significantly higher penalties when the victim was pregnant, while younger subjects did not. In Experiment 2, the cases presented the victims as being either raped or robbed and as resisting or not resisting her attacker. Male subjects gave significantly lower penalties when the victim did not resist, while female subjecis gave higher penalties when the victim did not resist‐this interaction being significant for both crime

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1976.tb02411.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three major social psychological theories were applied to data obtained in interviews with a random sample of 50 exsmokers and 50 smokers. The objective was to test the utility of these theories with respect to smoking behavior development and change. The results provided strong support for the hypotheses derived from reference group theory and partial support for the cognitive dissonance and psychoanalytic hypotheses.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1976.tb02412.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY