摘要:

AbstractThere were 158 female undergraduates categorized on the basis of scores on the Binge Scale and the presence or absence of vomiting in five groups: normals (n = 73), mild (n = 23), moderate (n =23), and severe (n = 14) bingers and binge vomiters (n = 18). These groups were examined on measures of eating‐disorders, dietary restraint, negative self‐image, psychopathology, and social desirability. A discriminant function analysis isolated three variables that predicted group membership: drive for thinness, restraint, and negative self‐image. It was clear from the analysis that binge‐vomiters were highly similar to severe binge eaters and both differed from moderate binge eaters, who in turn differed from mild binge eaters and normals. The latter two groups were almost identical. The results point to the importance of bingeing rather than vomiting in the etiology and treatment of

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198705)6:3<331::AID-EAT2260060302>3.0.CO;2-M

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAssessment of binge eating and purging in bulimia nervosa necessarily relies upon self‐report. The reliability and validity of self‐report is discussed, with special reference to other substance abuse disorders. The Time Line follow back technique is recommended as a means of obtaining more precise, accurate, and clinically useful self‐reports of binge eating and purging. The necessity for multidimensional assessment of treatment effects is underscored, with suggestions of the form this might

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198705)6:3<339::AID-EAT2260060303>3.0.CO;2-B

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA survey of 1728 tenth grade students was conducted to assess the prevalence of purging behavior, alcohol and drug use, and reported physical and psychological distress. Thirteen percent reported purging behavior. Female purgers outnumbered males 2 to 1. Male purgers were significantly heavier than male nonpurgers. The prevalence of drunkenness and daytime drinking among female purgers was significantly higher than for female nonpurgers. Female purgers were more likely to report using alcohol to reduce stress than nonpurging female peers. Female purgers reported a higher level of psychological distress when perceived situational control is low than female nonpurgers. Significant differences were not found between male purgers and male nonpurgers on variables assessing alcohol use and psychological distress. Educational programs aimed at prevention of eating disorders may need to be developed.

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198705)6:3<349::AID-EAT2260060304>3.0.CO;2-5

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPlasma levels of prolactin and their response to insulin‐induced hypoglycemia or to the thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) were measure in 17 females with primary anorexia nervosa when they were 54.9‐73.2% of ideal body weight (IBW) (group 1) and in 15 cases during or after weight gain (75.1‐100.4% of IBW, group 2). Basal prolactin concentrations were well within the normal range (less than 25 ng/ml) in all anorectic patients except in one patient who had a value of 42.3 ng/ml. Prolactin response to insulin‐induced hypoglycemia was markedly impaired or absent in 16 out of the patients in Group 1 but improved dramatically in 9 of the patients in Group 2. Direct stimulation of the pituitary with TRH, however, produced a prolactin release in all anorectic patients studied. Plasma GH response to insulin‐induced hypoglycemia was impaired in 12 of the patients in group 1 and 12 of the patients in group 2. Plasma cortisol response to insulin‐induced hypoglycemia was impaired in 11 of the patients in group 1 and in 3 of the patients in group 2. These findings indicate that the hypothalamic function in anorectic patien

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198705)6:3<357::AID-EAT2260060305>3.0.CO;2-1

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe evidence for the hypothesis that the poet Franz Kafka had suffered from an atypical anorexia nervosa is presented. Kafka was slim and underweight throughout his life and showed an ascetic attitude and abjuration of any physical enjoyment and pleasure (fasting, vegetarianism, sexual abstinence, emphasis on physical fitness). Our analysis is mainly based on Kafka's own descriptions in his letters, diaries, and literary work. Kafka was achievement oriented, reported many sadomasochistic fantasies, and had an anancastic (obsessive‐compulsive) depressive personality. In addition there is evidence for a disturbed psychosexual and gender identity development. Our results concerning Kafka's psychopathology do not question his genius as a poe

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198705)6:3<367::AID-EAT2260060306>3.0.CO;2-W

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe current paper deals with method of computation of body distortion scores for anorexia nervosa subjects. Data from a previous study (Thompson, Berland, Linton,&Weinsier, 1986) are reanalyzed to illustrate that researchers may reach different results and conclusions based on the specific method of analysis chosen to evaluate body size estimation measures. The importance of these issues for basic clinical findings and theoretical issues in body image research are discussed.

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198705)6:3<379::AID-EAT2260060307>3.0.CO;2-O

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study of body image perception in 50 non‐eating disordered women demonstrates and confirms that overperception of body widths is not restricted to populations with eating disorders. Those women who were at normal weight [mean matched population weight (MMPW) ± 5%] overstimated body widths to a lesser degree than other subjects. The data suggests that the greater the deviation of weight from normal, the greater the degree of body width overestimation. We believe that the overestimation of body width is more directly related to the deviation of weight from MMPW than the presence or absence of an eating disorder per se. Comparison of women at normal weight with those above and below this revealed significant differences in the discrepancy between desired and actual weight and also between desired weight and MMPW. The subjects who were most satisfied with their actual weight were the group whose weight was below average for their height and a

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198705)6:3<385::AID-EAT2260060308>3.0.CO;2-M

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn apparatus for the objective measurement of the conscious aspects of body image is described. The method involves photographing subjects and scanning the photograph with a video camera. The subject adjusts a control that varies the image on a television monitor to give a representative continuum from endomorphy through mesomorphy to ectomorphy without distorting height. A permanent photographc record of the subject's judgment can be taken. A permanent graphic record of the accuracy of the judgment and of the judgment time can be registered by a pen recorder as impulses from the control are relayed as the subject adjusts the dial. Data on the body image of a group of 60 obese females, 25 hospitalized anorexics, and 50 controls are presented. Implications for therapy and further research are discussed.

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198705)6:3<393::AID-EAT2260060309>3.0.CO;2-I

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThirty‐four asymptomatic, normal weight college females were assessed for levels of body size overestimation for self‐relevant body areas and corresponding sites on a normal‐sized department store mannequin. An adjustable light beam procedure was used for all measures. Minimal differences between black and white subjects eventuated. A consistent pattern emerged indicating greater overestimation for self than mannequin; however, this was not true for all body sites assessed. A greater number of significant correlations among self‐estimates and mannequin scores were found than significant relationships between self and mannequin distortion quotients. The results are discussed with regard to the generalizability of body size overest

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198705)6:3<401::AID-EAT2260060310>3.0.CO;2-Z

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study sought to determine the self‐help dieting strategies used by college men and women. There were 204 adults (102 males, 102 females) asked (1) the degree of importance placed on achieving and maintaining their ideal weight, (2) the reasons (i. e., health, appearance, or psychological) for dieting, and (3) the specific types of food restriction and physical activity methods used. Results indicated that females were much more likely to have actively dieted during the past 6 months and were more likely to see a discrepancy between their real and ideal weight. Furthermore, females placed a much higher importance on the appearance benefits of maintaining an ideal weight. Females were much more likely to engage in physical activity strategies (both appropriate and inappropriate) primarily for weight reduction than males. Similarly, females were much more likely to engage in both dangerous and safe food restriction strategies than males. The results are discussed, and implications for future research are offere

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198705)6:3<409::AID-EAT2260060311>3.0.CO;2-O

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY