摘要:

AbstractEstimates of the incidence of laxative abuse in bulimics and in the community‐at‐large vary widely for various population samples. This review identifies 73 studies in which laxative abuse could be assessed in bulimics, nonbulimics, and the community‐at‐large. Relative risk values for laxative abuse among population subsamples were estimated by moment methods statistical procedure based on mixed model analysis. Results indicated that the lifetime occurrence for laxative abuse behavior in the community‐at‐large was 4.18%. Bulimic behavior increased the risk for laxative abuse 3.57‐fold to 14.94%. Several methodologic and population parameter characteristics are examined for their select impact on laxative abuse. Review of medical nomenclature for classifying laxative substances, iatragenic effects of laxative abuse, and assessment recommendations are also included. © 1995 by John W

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199504)17:3<211::AID-EAT2260170302>3.0.CO;2-I

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt is not widely appreciated in the English‐speaking world that a number of articles written in French and German do address the role played by death preoccupations and concerns in the development and maintenance of eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa. In previous published articles these important “hidden” threads have been highlighted in examining in some detail, the writings of the German authors Binswanger, Von Weizsäcker, and Thomä. In this article, the writings of other German authors are also briefly reviewed as well as the French authors Bensoussan, Fouraste, Raimbault, and Thouzery‐Loras. Implications and issues are posed for both the researchers and clinicians alike contributing to the literature in English on eating disorders, who do not necessarily embrace these themes in therapy and who may not reflect their significance to theory in the literature itself. © 1995 by John Wiley

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199504)17:3<229::AID-EAT2260170303>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOn September 27–29, 1993, the Study Group on Anorexia Nervosa (AN): Basic Mechanisms, Clinical Approaches and Treatment met in Geneva, Switzerland to discuss recent progress in research on anorexia nervosa, and to identify directions for future studies. Anorexia nervosa is a disorder of unknown etiology, without a specific curative treatment, affecting mostly individuals in adolescence and early adulthood, with significant morbidity and mortality, and having a major impact on psychosocial and vocational development. In anorexia nervosa there are severe disturbances in virtually every endocrine system, such as the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis, the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal (HPG) axis, the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐thyroid (HPT) axis, the growth hormone (GH)/somatomedin C (IGF‐1) system, and the central and peripheral arginine vasopressin (AVP) systems. Furthermore, classical neurotransmitter systems, such as the cholinergic noradrenergic, and serotonergic systems, are abnormally regulated in anorexia nervosa. New research data is also emerging on the abnormal regulation of immune function in this disorder. The Study Group concluded that even though several biological systems are abnormally regulated in anorexia nervosa, there is no biological test which is specific enough to make the diagnosis of the disorder. New directions for research in anorexia nervosa are identified and discussed in this report. Finally, the Study Group proposed future meetings to bring together clinical and pre‐clinical (pharmacological, biochemical, and molecular) scientists studying topics, such as neuroendocrine function, which are important in the biology of anorexia nervosa. © 1995 by Jo

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199504)17:3<235::AID-EAT2260170304>3.0.CO;2-2

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAt initial contact in an eating disorders clinic, 712 female eating disorder patients were asked if they had been physically or sexually abused as children. They also completed a Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and an Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI). Their eating disorder symptom frequency and severity was determined. They were asked if they had alcohol problems, had attempted suicide, or had shoplifting problems. Twenty‐nine percent reported sexual abuse. Twenty‐five percent reported physical abuse. There was no correlation between reports of abuse and symptom frequency or severity. The abused subjects were more depressed on the BDI and showed more psychological disturbance on the EDI. Abused subjects were much more likely than nonabused subjects to report alcohol problems, suicide attempts, or shoplifting. © 1995 by John Wiley&Sons,

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199504)17:3<243::AID-EAT2260170305>3.0.CO;2-Z

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined dimensional personality and temperamental characteristics in women with eating disorders. Clinical symptoms, personality, and temperament were examined in 30 women with anorexia nervosa (AN), 32 women with bulimia nervosa with no history of anorexia nervosa (BN), and 20 women with comorbid anorexia and bulimia nervosa (AB). Temperament differed markedly across the groups on the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) with AN women showing greater reward dependence, BN women scoring higher on novelty seeking subscales, and AB women showing high harm avoidance. The TPQ subscales also displayed higher classification accuracy than other personality and symptom measures. Temperamental features are distinct across eating disorder subtypes. Temperament could reflect differential vulnerabilities for the development of specific eating disorder symptom clusters. © 1995 by John Wiley&Sons, Inc

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199504)17:3<251::AID-EAT2260170306>3.0.CO;2-V

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis investigation attempted to determine psychological correlates of weight fluctuation in a sample of 497 normal weight and obese adults who were enrolled in a prospective, natural history study. Subjects were stratified by gender, obesity, and age and classified as weight maintainers, gainers, or losers based on their changes in weight over a 1‐year period. Subjects were further classified as either weight fluctuators or nonfluctuators based on historical self‐report. Nonfluctuators reported significantly higher general well‐being, greater eating self‐efficacy, and lower stress than weight fluctuators, regardless of body weight. Weight maintainers had more favorable eating self‐efficacy related to negative affect than weight gainers. Results suggest that weight fluctuation is strongly associated with negative psychological attributes in both normal weight and obese individuals. Future research should focus on the assessment and treatment of weight fluctuation and on weight maintenance, irrespective of weight status. © 1995 by John Wiley

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199504)17:3<263::AID-EAT2260170307>3.0.CO;2-N

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt has been suggested that the relatively high levels of eating psychopathology among Asian schoolgirls living in the United Kingdom are due to “culture clash” but this construct needs further definition. A recent study has shown that perceived control by family members is important in determining the relatively unhealthy eating attitudes of Asian adolescents. However, that study focused on older adolescents (aged 14–15 years). The present study examines the development of that effect in a sample of Asian and Caucasian adolescent girls with a broader range of ages (aged 12–16 years). Again, the unhealthy eating attitudes of Asian girls were partly explained by their high levels of perceived maternal control. However, this effect was particularly strong among the older girls, suggesting a developmental trend through adolescence. There might be clinical benefits of addressing perceived or actual maternal control in these girls. © 1995 by John Wiley&S

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199504)17:3<277::AID-EAT2260170308>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStudies show that children of alcohol‐abusing parents constitute an at‐risk population. This study attempted to understand the impact of parental alcohol misuse on the disordered eating behaviors of their female adolescent children, based on a sample of 532 teenagers from alcohol‐misusing parents in Minnesota. These female adolescents had significantly higher prevalence rates of all the seven eating disordered symptoms that were studied. The study also identified a few protective factors: Those who did not develop any of the disordered eating symptoms were more satisfied with their present weight. Further, they worried less about abuse from parents and perceived that their school personnel cared about them. © 1995 by John Wiley&Son

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199504)17:3<283::AID-EAT2260170309>3.0.CO;2-B

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt is recognized that patients with anorexia nervosa commonly have other psychiatric illnesses. No study, to our knowledge, has determined whether these other psychiatric disorders occur prior to the age of onset of anorexia nervosa. We obtained a retrospective history from 24 subjects who were long term (more than 1 year) recovered from anorexia nervosa. We found that 58% reported that they had the onset of one or more childhood anxiety disorder diagnoses at the age of 10 ± 5 years old. This was 5 years before the mean age of onset of anorexia nervosa. The onset of depression was about 1 year before the onset of anorexia nervosa in about one half the subjects. Alcohol and substance abuse/dependency tended to occur after the onset of anorexia nervosa and only occurred in anorexic subjects who binged and/or purged. The early and common onset of childhood anxiety disorders in a substantial percentage of anorexics raises the possibility that childhood anxiety disorders herald the first behavioral expression of a biologic vulnerability in some subjects who develop anorexia nervosa. © 1995 by John Wiley&Sons, In

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199504)17:3<291::AID-EAT2260170310>3.0.CO;2-#

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article analyses Allison and Heshka's (International Journal of Eating Disorders, 13, 289–295, 1993.) critical analysis of studies supporting psychosomatic theory. Questionned first is, Allison and Heshka's contention that the obese overreport emotional eating as a result of effects of demand characteristics, social desirability, and interpersonal expectancies. These effects, however, indicate that a more plausible response would be an underreport of emotional eating. Also addressed is Allison and Heshka's (Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment and Prevention, 1, 31–38, 1993.) contention that a high correlation between a measurement instrument and a measure of social desirability invalidates that measurement instrument. Finally, in a rebuttal of Allison and Heshka's critical analysis of studies supporting psychosomatic theory, it is elaborated why emotional eating explains so little variance in weight gain and obesity. © 1995 by John Wiley&Sons,

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199504)17:3<299::AID-EAT2260170311>3.0.CO;2-P

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY