摘要:

AbstractA working assumption for many clinicians is that differences in personality functioning among eating‐disordered patients are crucial for treatment planning and prognosis. However, the empirical documentation is scarce. The present study used analyses of 13 objectively rated ego functions in a sample of 48 eating‐disordered patients to try to establish a firmer empirical basis in the area. The variation in ego functioning was great, and a cluster analysis identified four clusters. These were tentatively named “higher neurotic,” “lower neurotic,” “borderline,” and “borderline‐psychotic.” The clusters were unrelated to DSM‐III‐R eating disorder diagnoses and to the restricter/bulimic distinction and related markedly differently from those classifications to other clinical variables. The most interesting associations occurred between ego functioning and variables of possible prognostic value. Ego functioning thus constitutes a complementary diagnostic dimension of potential

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198911)8:6<607::AID-EAT2260080602>3.0.CO;2-1

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeveral recent studies indicate that short‐term group therapy, either alone or in conjunction with other therapeutic interventions, is effective in the treatment of bulimia. The nature of the therapeutic effect in group treatments of bulimia has yet to be elucidated. The study reported here represents a first step toward establishing what bulimic patients regard as important therapeutically in their experience of group therapy. The findings suggest that patients regard “nonspecific” factors such as realising shared experience, learning from the experience of others, and gaining hope from observing positive change in others as important as the more “specific” factors such as gaining understanding into the nature of their difficulties. These findings have implications for the design and execution of treatment

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198911)8:6<623::AID-EAT2260080603>3.0.CO;2-X

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study is described in which a modified glucose tolerance test was performed in each of five bulimic female patients on two separate occasions. Two of the patients were poorly controlled outpatients and three were inpatients in a strict hospital program of nutritional rehabilitation and psychotherapy. Plasma glucose, insulin, and cortisol levels, in response to a glucose load and following 3 days of normal nutrition, were compared with those documented following engagement in various bulimic behaviors during the preceding 24 hours (i.e., fasting, binging, and vomiting.). In all five patients, following bulimic behaviors, peak insulin levels in response to a glucose load and the area under the curve of insulin secretion was increased whereas cortisol levels were lower, even in the one patient who was hypercortisolemic. However, the insulin peaks were less in evidence in the treated patients than in those who continued to engage in bulimic behavior, and there was also less evidence of cortisol suppression in the treated patients. Furthermore, insulin secretion as measured by Tmaxoccurred more rapidly after engagement in bulimic behavior and was delayed in treated patients following normal nutrition. It is postulated that insulin potentiation and suppression of stress hormones as reflected by serum cortisol are important self‐perpetuating mechanisms in bulimia and that these are related to the occurrence of intermittent starvation and its relief through binge eating. Treatment reduces this effect by reestablishing regular nutritio

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198911)8:6<635::AID-EAT2260080604>3.0.CO;2-P

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBecause bulimia has only recently been recognized as a distinct diagnostic category, little is known about the extent to which this disorder has reached a stable morbidity in our culture. In this study we compared two samples of female adolescents which were collected 5 years apart, in 1981 and 1986. The samples were collected from the same suburban high school to ensure that the groups would be demographically equivalent. The 1986 sample demonstrated a 50% reduction in bulimic behaviors, a marked decrease in the prevalence of dieting behavior, and a reduction in preoccupation with thinness. Nevertheless, body dissatisfaction remained the same in the latter sample. Implications for the etiology of bulimia are discussed.

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198911)8:6<647::AID-EAT2260080605>3.0.CO;2-H

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNineteen restricting anorexic, 23 bulimic anorexic, and 72 normal‐weight bulimic inpatients were compared on eating disorder symptoms and related psychological and depressive symptomatology. Results contrast with previous findings of similarity between the two bulimic groups, suggesting utility in maintaining three distinct diagnostic subgroups. The bulimic anorexic group showed the most psychopathology overall. A statistical control of weight deviation suggests an effect of starvation on some symptom

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198911)8:6<657::AID-EAT2260080606>3.0.CO;2-B

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe tested the hypotheses that bulimic women would be characterized by a high degree of social dependency and low levels of social support and that bulimic and nonbulimic women would differ in the interaction of these two variables. A secondary hypothesis, derived from Boskind‐White and White's feminist account of bulimia, was that bulimic women are characterized in particular by social dependency on men and a lack of social support from men. A group of 23 normal‐weight bulimic women were compared with 38 control subjects and were found to differ only in that they reported more social dependency. There was no evidence that bulimics were lacking in social support, compared with controls, nor was there any relation between bulimia and the interaction of social dependency with social support. Contrary to Boskind‐White and White's theory, both bulimic and nonbulimic women reported more social dependency on men than on women, and the size of this discrepancy was found to be equal for both sa

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198911)8:6<665::AID-EAT2260080607>3.0.CO;2-7

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that binge eating occurs frequently in adolescents with type I diabetes and seriously affects glycemic control. However, there have been no studies to date to examine the effect of binge eating in patients with type II diabetes. The present study assessed binge eating severity in 98 obese type II diabetic patients who were participating in a behavioral weight‐control program. Patients completed the Binge Eating Scale, a self‐report instrument developed to assess binge eating in obese patients, at pre‐and posttreatment, and at 1 year follow‐up. The average score on the BES at pretreatment was 18, with females scoring significantly higher than males. Twenty‐one percent of the females and 9% of the males met criteria for a serious binge‐eating problem. Pretreatment scores on the BES were not related to weight or to glycemic control; however, binge‐eating severity was strongly associated with depressive symptomatology. Scores on the binge eating scale decreased significantly during the weight control program. Decreases in binge eating severity were associated with improvements in mood but not with weight loss or improvements in glycemic control. Thus, binge eating is a common problem in obese type II diabetic patients that is related to symptoms of depression. However, binge eating is not related to glycemic control in t

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198911)8:6<671::AID-EAT2260080608>3.0.CO;2-5

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis report describes an adaptation of the Stroop Effect for measuring psychopathology. The Stroop Effect has been adapted to provide a quantitative measure of concerns relating to food and shape in patients undergoing treatment for anorexia nervosa and bulimia. The measure takes advantage of the disrupting effect of psychopathology on color naming of food and shape words. In comparison to agematched controls, anorexic and bulimic patients had significantly retarded colornaming of food words. There was a trend, which only reached significance with the bulimic subjects, for the color‐naming of shape words to be similarly retarded. The potential utility of this adaptation of the Stroop Effect is discusse

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198911)8:6<681::AID-EAT2260080609>3.0.CO;2-#

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA survey of 71 health care professionals involved in work with eating disorder patients revealed that 20 (28%) of the participants in the survey perceived themselves as moderately to greatly affected by their work with these patients. Among the changes they attributed to their work were an increased awareness of food, their physical condition, their appearance, and feelings about their body. In addition, they reported a positive change in body image and an increased ingestion of healthier foods. The group of health care professionals who perceived themselves as moderately to greatly affected by their work with eating disorder patients was composed approximately equally of normal eaters, binge eaters, and those who reported having experienced eating disorder symptoms at some time in their lives. Length of experience in the field of eating disorders was not a significant factor in being affected or unaffected by work in this area.

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198911)8:6<689::AID-EAT2260080610>3.0.CO;2-H

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt has been suggested that self‐control deficits play a part in the etiology of eating disorders. The issue is complicated, however, by the links between eating problems, self‐control deficits, and depression. The present study was an experimental investigation of self‐control deficits in a sample of college females with elevated EDI scores who were screened for depression. Whereas the results support the existence of some self‐control deficits, there was a failure to support others. Although there are possible methodological explanations for the results, the need to assess the relative contribution of mood and cognition to self‐control deficits associated with eating problems is

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198911)8:6<695::AID-EAT2260080611>3.0.CO;2-F

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY