摘要:

AbstractA number of recent therapists and researchers have shown that the gender of the therapist can have a substantial effect on treatment. This is especially true in treating eating disorders, which involve many gender‐related issues (such as body appearance and gender identity) and occur in primarily one sex (females). Here we discuss four areas in which transference and countertransference issues are greatly influenced, depending upon whether the therapist is male or female: (1) problems of body image; (2) the patient's overinvolvement with her mother; (3) the patient's ambivalence about gender identity; and (4) her need for a role model. The ways in which a female and male therapist work differently in these four areas are illustrated by two clinical vignettes with female bulimic patient

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199105)10:3<253::AID-EAT2260100302>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractClinicians have long recognized that eating‐disordered individuals experience themselves as having limited control in important spheres of life. Unfortunately, researchers have tended to address control as a unidimensional construct. This study examined the multidimensional nature of perceived control. Specifically, the relationship between eating disorder characteristics and perceptions of control over ordinary social behaviors and eating‐disordered behaviors was investigated. Measures of subjective perceptions of control over social and symptomic behaviors along with standard eating disorder inventories were administered to 84 male and 198 female undergraduate volunteers. Results indicate markedly different gender‐linked patterns of perceived control. Eating disorder characteristics were associated with perceptions of symptomatic dyscontrol. Finally, interpersonal context significantly affected perceptions of control. This investigation underscores the importance of conceptualizing control in a multidimensional m

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199105)10:3<265::AID-EAT2260100303>3.0.CO;2-X

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe describe a 14‐week individual cognitive behavioral treatment program that incorporated various techniques such as self‐monitoring, development of alternative coping skills, cognitive restructuring, and exposure and response prevention. The background and rationale for the program are described. A case illustration of the treatment is presented and the findings are briefly discus

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199105)10:3<273::AID-EAT2260100304>3.0.CO;2-T

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwenty females meeting DSM‐III criteria for bulimia, and 12 age‐ and sex‐matched controls underwent a 60‐min intravenous glucose tolerance test. Blood samples were taken at −10, 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, and 60 min after the glucose injection. At these times, subjects completed a mood rating scale [Profile of Mood States (POMS)] and a subjective self‐report questionnaire addressing both food cravings and thirst, as well as the urge to binge and subjective control over food intake. Blood levels of tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, leucine, phenylalanine, and isoleucine were measured at 0 and 60 min after the injection. Although equivalent at baseline, the blood glucose levels of bulimics at 5 min and insulin/glucagon ratio at 20, 30, and 45 min following injection were reduced in comparison to controls. Blood valine levels were also lower among the bulimic group. There were no differences between the bulimics and normal controls at baseline on subjective self‐report measures of urge to binge, control over food intake, carbohydrate (CHO) craving or fatigue. following the glucose injection, however, the observed physiological differences between the two groups were accompanied by increased subjective cravings for sweets and fruits, an enhanced urge to binge, and less subjective control over food intake for bulimics as compared with controls. The bulimics also reported increased fatigue in response to glucose, whereas controls reported feeling less fatigued. The results suggest that abnormal physiological responses to blood glucose are accompanied by alterations in both food cravings and mood, which may promote binging among bul

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199105)10:3<285::AID-EAT2260100305>3.0.CO;2-L

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study evaluated the cognitive and emotional responses to eating a high‐calorie food. Restrained and unrestrained, normal‐weight women were given either a high‐calorie food or a low‐calorie food and completed ratings of hunger and questionnaires concerning their emotional and cognitive states before and after eating. Finally, they were given a taste test, then debriefed, and interviewed about their experience of the study. The interview data and the psychometric results indicated that the restrained eaters experienced increased feelings of rebelliousness and defiance after both eating situations, with this increase being particularly pronounced after the high‐calorie food. The unrestrained eaters did not show an increase in rebelliousness nor any differentiation between the high‐ and low‐calorie foods. The restrained eaters also showed a decrease in anxiety after the high‐calorie food. The results are analyzed in terms of recent theories of restrained eating and their implications for pathological eating regulatio

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199105)10:3<297::AID-EAT2260100306>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMemory for weight‐, food‐, and appearance‐related information was examined in female restrained and unrestrained college students and in female obese and eating‐disordered patients. Subjects read an essay about another person and were later asked to recall the essay as completely as possible. As predicted, restrained students remembered more weight‐ and food‐related items than appearance‐related items in comparison to the unrestrained students. Similarly, the obese and anorexic patients recalled significantly more of the weight‐ and food‐related items than the other items. In both samples, restraint scores were positively correlated with the frequency with which subjects mentioned weight and food in an “accessibility” task. The discussion focused on the implicati

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199105)10:3<313::AID-EAT2260100307>3.0.CO;2-0

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOverconcern with shape and weight is considered a primary feature of the psychopathology of bulimia nervosa and was included as a diagnostic criterion in DSM‐ III‐R. In order to test the significance of shape and weight concern in bulimia nervosa, we administered the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) to 78 outpatients with bulimia nervosa and three comparison groups: 14 women with seasonal affective disorder (SAD), 10 acquaintances of patients, and 32 normal controls. Women with bulimia nervosa had significantly higher mean BSQ scores than did other subject groups. Other self‐report measures of body shape concern, eating attitudes, and depression were correlated with BSQ score. Furthermore, all patients had BSQ scores greater than the average score of the normal control group. These data support the continued inclusion of body shape and weight overconcern as a diagnostic criterion for bulimia nervosa but suggest that “overconcern” should be interpreted as “above average” rather than “outside th

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199105)10:3<323::AID-EAT2260100308>3.0.CO;2-V

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article aims at demonstrating the presence of presymbolic and asymbolic mentation in addition to truly symbolic thought in the clinical material of bulimic patients. It is herein suggested that the former, more primitive forms of mentation have as their goal a reality‐destroying retreat into a sensation‐dominated world in which the bulimic creates an ever‐present experience of the maternal object and/or a mindless, vacant

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199105)10:3<333::AID-EAT2260100309>3.0.CO;2-P

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInvestigation of binge eating and dietary restraint has previously been limited to subjects within Western societies. We investigated these two phenomena in 218 Arab students in Egypt, using the Restraint Scale (Polivy, Herman,&Warsh, 1978) and the Binge Scale (Hawkins&Clement, 1980). The psychometric characteristics of the scales were investigated. Although exploratory factor analysis showed support for the Restraint Scale subscales in women, no coherent factor structure was found for men. Factor analysis also revealed differing factor structures for men and women in the Binge Scale. The internal validity of the scales for men was also poor, thus the application of these two instruments to Arab men is questionable. A significant correlation of Binge Scale and Restraint Scale scores was found for both genders indicating support for the hypothesized link between the phenomena in a non‐Western culture. Further comparison of the Arab women's scores with those previously reported in Western studies showed a significantly lower level of restraint for the Arab women. We suggest that restraint theory is cross‐culturally applicable for women, although cultural factors may mediate the level of restraint sh

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199105)10:3<345::AID-EAT2260100310>3.0.CO;2-9

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEating Disorders Inventory (EDI) is a significant and meaningful predictor of adherence in a dietary program employing a very low‐calorie diet. This study used multiple linear regression and discriminant analysis to examine the dietary adherence of 105 clients who were, on average, 91 pounds overweight. With three increasingly rigid standards of success, discriminant analysis successfully classified 74%, 71%, and 63% of clients as likely successes or failures using the EDI. Using the EDI scales as the independent variables, three significant multiple regressions equations were obtained that individually were predictive of total weight lost, percentage of weight lost, or weeks in treatmen

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199105)10:3<355::AID-EAT2260100311>3.0.CO;2-3

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY