摘要:

AbstractThis study investigates a metaphorical account of bulimia that proposes that bulimics lack a clearly defined sense of self, and subsequently utilize their physical bodies as a means of self‐definition and regulation. Three major aspects of this perspective were assessed: identity disturbance; use of the binge and purge as means of emotional regulation; and sensitivity to interpersonal contact. Differences among bulimics, binge eaters, and normal controls were explored. Bulimics reported greater amounts of identity confusion, enmeshment, and overall instability in self‐concept than normal controls and binge eaters. The binge led to an escape from self‐awareness for bulimics, and the purge served to manage negative affect. Bulimics also showed greater sensitivity to interpersonal contact with positive people, and with their mother than both binge eaters and controls. Implications of the findings are discussed as well as future directions for research. © 1993 by John Wiley&Son

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199305)13:4<335::AID-EAT2260130402>3.0.CO;2-M

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Personality Disorders Examination (PDE) was administered to 71 bulimia nervosa patients at baseline assessment in a study comparing the effectiveness of cognitive‐behavioral treatment with desipramine or the combination of both treatments. Personality disorder sub‐scales were combined into single DSM‐III‐R cluster scores. A high cluster B score (consisting of antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic features) significantly predicted poor outcome at 16 weeks and was a better predictor of outcome than borderline personality characteristics alone or any other DSM‐III‐R. cluster score or combination of cluster scores. In contrast pretreatment depression level, self‐esteem, degree of dietary restraint, frequency of purging, and history of anorexia nervosa were not significantly related to outcome. At 1‐year follow‐up there was still a trend toward high cluster B scores predicting poor treatment outcome. Cluster B score was not significantly correlated with percentage of sessions attended nor did subjects with higher cluster B scores have a better outcome with either specific treatment. These results suggest that further investigation of alternative treatments is warranted with high cluster B individuals to determine if treatment effectiveness can be improved. © 1993 by Jo

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199305)13:4<349::AID-EAT2260130403>3.0.CO;2-C

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA reanalysis of treatment response and relapse was performed using survival analysis in a 12‐week clinical trial of cognitive behavioral group psychotherapy for the treatment of bulimia nervosa. One hundred forty‐three (143) bulimic women with high incidence of binge eating, self‐induced vomiting, and/or laxative abuse were randomly assigned to one of four possible treatment conditions that consisted of a combination of two factors: (1) emphasis on abstinence (high and low), and (2) treatment intensity (high and low). “Initial” and “maintained” response to treatment based on “total” and “near” abstinence criteria were determined using self‐reported binge eating, vomiting, and laxative use data. Results suggest that an emphasis on abstinence appears important in achieving initial abstinence, whereas in‐tensity of treatment may be important in maintaining abstinence. © 19

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199305)13:4<359::AID-EAT2260130404>3.0.CO;2-6

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis is the first long‐term, controlled study evaluating the effectiveness of a prevention curriculum designed to modify the eating attitudes and unhealthful weight regulation practices of young adolescent girls. Nine hundred sixty‐seven sixth and seventh‐grade girls were randomized to experimental healthy weight regulation curriculum or no‐treatment control classes. A prevention intervention was developed around three principal components: (1) Instruction on the harmful effects of unhealthful weight regulation; (2) promotion of healthful weight regulation through the practice of sound nutrition and dietary principles and regular aerobic physical activity; (3) development of coping skills for resisting the diverse sociocultural influences that appear linked to the current popular obsessions with thinness and dieting. The intervention failed to achieve the hoped‐for impact. We did observe a significant increase in knowledge among girls receiving the intervention and among high‐risk students only, there was a small albeit statistically significant effect on body mass index. These findings question the wisdom of providing a curriculum directed at all young adoles cents, most of whom are not at risk to develop an eating disorder. Rather than targeting the entire population, a healthy weight curriculum designed to modify the eating attitudes and unhealthful weight regulation practices of young adolescent girls might better focus on “at risk” students. © 1993 by John

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199305)13:4<369::AID-EAT2260130405>3.0.CO;2-0

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere has been particular confusion concerning two aspects of the psychopathology of bulimia nervosa: dissatisfaction with body shape and overvalued ideas about shape and weight. Whilst these features are closely related, they are nevertheless distinct. Body shape dissatisfaction is commonly found in these patients but is not necessarily present; whilst the overvalued ideas about shape and weight are a necessary diagnostic feature. Analysis of the relationship between these two features and depressed mood and self‐esteem showed that, in the course of treatment, change in body shape dissatisfaction was closely associated with change in mood; and change in the overvalued ideas was closely associated with change in self‐esteem. This finding supports the distinction between these two facets of the core psychopathology of bulimia nervosa. © 1993 by John Wiley&Sons,

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199305)13:4<385::AID-EAT2260130406>3.0.CO;2-W

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe current study was an investigation into the possible developmental aspects of the “Eating Stroop” effect, as produced by non‐eating disordered subjects. The subject pool comprised male and female subjects, ranging in age from 9 to 14 years. Their task was to color‐name a series of Stroop arrays, comprising food‐related words, body shape‐related words, and two sets of neutral matched control words. It was found that there were significant performance decrements for both food and shape‐related words with the 14‐year‐old girls. The results indicated a possible color‐naming decrement with food‐related words for the 11‐year‐old girls, but not shape words. No color‐naming decrements were found with the 9‐year‐old group, or the male subjects. The results are interpreted in terms of cultural pressures on women to diet to attain an “ideal” body shape and the different developmental stages at which such pressures exert themsel

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199305)13:4<391::AID-EAT2260130407>3.0.CO;2-U

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHypothalamic neuropeptides are thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of eating disorders. In an animal model with chronic abnormalities of energy expenditure, appetitive behavior, and body weight, without acute food restriction, we found alterations in peripheral levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone, but no alterations in the expression of neuropeptides genes that are known to regulate ingestive behavior and food intake acutely. Our data suggest that activation of hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal function in activity anorexia may not be due to increased transcription of corticotropin‐releasing hormone gene, but might be related to posttranscriptional events or to other neuropeptides, such as arginine vasopressin. Furthermore, we suggest that abnormalities in neuropeptides observed in eating disorders may be caused by acute food restriction, rather than by chronic hyper‐activity, anorexia, and low weight. © 7 1993 by John Wiley&S

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199305)13:4<399::AID-EAT2260130408>3.0.CO;2-J

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractReported sexual abuse is associated with bulimic symptomatology. It has been suggested that this association might be due to impaired self‐esteem. However, from the evidence to date, it appears that general self‐esteem may be too “blunt” a construct, and that more specific psychological mediators need to be considered. This study compares the values of a measure of general self‐esteem and a measure of specific self‐denigratory beliefs consequent upon sexual abuse in predicting levels of eating psychopathology in eating‐disordered women. Self‐esteem was associated with the level of general eating attitudes, whereas specific self‐denigratory beliefs were associated with the frequency of vomiting. Neither variable adequately predicted the frequency of hinging. © 1993 by Jo

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199305)13:4<407::AID-EAT2260130409>3.0.CO;2-7

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEight hundred fifty‐one consecutive outpatients presenting at a suburban eating disorder clinic were evaluated for current or past ipecac abuse. A percentage (7.6%) of all subjects reported some use or experimentation with ipecac for purging; 4.7% had experimented with it briefly; 3.7% (8.8% of subjects meeting criteria for bulimia) had chronically abused ipecac; and 1.1% (1.5% of subjects meeting criteria for bulimia) were regularly abusing ipecac at the time of intake. Chronic ipecac abusers were more likely to have been hospitalized. Subjects who experimented briefly with ipecac had a longer duration of illness. Both chronic ipecac abusers and experimenters were more prone to abuse other substances for purging and to report alcohol abuse in an immediate family member. © 1993 by John Wiley&Sons, I

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199305)13:4<411::AID-EAT2260130410>3.0.CO;2-#

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractKallmann's syndrome is a rare cause of primary amenorrhea, with impairment of release of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone and anosmia. We present a case in which Kallmann's syndrome had been diagnosed, but who also fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa. We discuss the diagnostic dilemma. © 1993 by John Wiley&Sons, I

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199305)13:4<415::AID-EAT2260130411>3.0.CO;2-T

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY