摘要:

AbstractObjective:To determine incidence and prevalence of anorexia nervosa in a defined geographical area of south west London, UK, total population 519,900.Method:Hospital and community health workers in the defined area were contacted initially by letter asking them to identify all cases (new or existing) of anorexia nervosa known to them in the period July 1991‐June 1992, using DSM‐III‐R criteria. A semistructured interview was conducted with the respondents to confirm the diagnosis. The large database record of the senior authors' specialist anorexia nervosa service, including inpatient and outpatient service records, was concurrently screened for cases living in the defined area.Results:The prevalence of anorexia nervosa was found by this method to be 20.2 cases per 100,000 population (0.02% total population). Prevalence in females aged 15–29 years was 115.4 cases per 100,000 (0.1% of young females). Similarly, the annual incidence of anorexia nervosa was found to be 2.7 cases per 100,000 total population. In females aged 15–29 years the incidence was 19.2 cases per 100,000.Discussion:Such prevalence and incidence figures are probably significant underestimates since the disorder can often defy detection or correct diagnosis and, with our own methodology, some identified cases may not have been reported to the study. However, these results can be used as a start for resource planning and service development. © 1995 by John Wiley

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199512)18:4<299::AID-EAT2260180402>3.0.CO;2-K

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of binge eating disorder (BED) in nonpatient women in the community and in weight control groups in France and to compare the characteristics of weight history of subjects with and without BED.Methods:Eating patterns over the past six months were studied by questionnaires in self‐report format. The prevalence of binge eating, BED, and bulimia was studied in 447 nonpatient women and in subjects seeking help for weight control either in private practice (PP, n = 292) or in a hospital department of nutrition (H, n = 85).Results:BED was common (PP = 9%; H = 15%) among patients attending weight control clinics but very rare in the community (0.7%). The disorder was associated with a history of weight fluctuations. Many subjects with BED referred to regular use of diet pills (29%) or vomiting (39%) but the prevalence of these strategies of weight control fell short for the requirement for the diagnosis of bulimia.Discussion:BED was common in subjects seeking help for weight control and extremely rare in the community nonpatients. © 1995 by John Wiley&Sons, I

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199512)18:4<309::AID-EAT2260180403>3.0.CO;2-6

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractObjective:The purpose of this study was to assess the association between several dimensions of perfectionism and measures of eating disorder symptoms, body image, and appearance self‐esteem in college students.Method:A sample of 81 female university students completed the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Perfectionistic Self‐Presentation Scale, the Eating Attitudes Test, the Bulimia Test, the Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire, and two measures of self‐esteem.Results:It was found that whereas self‐oriented perfectionism was related only to anorexic symptoms, the social facets of perfectionism, especially socially prescribed perfectionism and the perfectionistic self‐presentation dimensions, were related to eating disorder symptoms as well as body image avoidance and self‐esteem.Discussion:The findings support the usefulness of differentiating personal and interpersonal dimensions of perfectionism as well as trait versus self‐presentational aspects of perfectionism in investigating personality and attitudes and behaviors related to eating disorders. © 1995 by John W

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199512)18:4<317::AID-EAT2260180404>3.0.CO;2-2

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractObjective:This present study was designed to develop and validate rating scales for body image assessment in adolescents.Method:The figures of the Figure Rating Scale (FRS; Stunkard, Sorenson,&Schlusinger, The genetics of neurological and psychiatric disorders, 1983, pp. 115–129) used in previous research seem more appropriate for research with adults. Accordingly, we developed two forms of a body rating scale (BRS) depicting adolescent females and administered these scales and the FRS to 315 female subjects. The subjects comprise three age groups, 11‐year‐olds, 17‐year‐olds, and their mothers, all participants in the epidemiologically based Minnesota Twin Family Study. Two independent observers also rated each subject.Results:Intercorrelations among raters and scales and with body mass index were generally high and indicate comparability between the BRS measures and the FRS.Discussion:The generally excellent psychometric properties of the new scales coupled with their face validity may make them a useful tool for body image research in children and adolescents. © 1995 by John Wiley

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199512)18:4<327::AID-EAT2260180405>3.0.CO;2-X

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractObjective:We tested nine hypotheses among eating disorder subgroups and a control group on spinal bone density and investigated the relationship of their spinal bone density with a critical fracture threshold and five clinical variables—age of onset, years ill, percentage of ideal body weight (IBW), months of amenorrhea, and hours per week of exercise.Method:Dual photon absorptiometry measured spinal bone density.Results:Anorectic patients had significantly less spinal bone mass than bulimic patients with no history of anorexia nervosa or control patients. Eating disordered patients with past or present anorexia nervosa had significantly more spinal bone density values below a critical fracture threshold. Duration of amenorrhea and exercise significantly predicted spinal bone density.Discussion:Anorectic women were unlikely to reach their peak bone density, thus possibly developing osteoporosis later in life, and were likely to be at risk for nontraumatic spinal fractures. Predicting spinal bone density of anorectic women could be done by knowing their duration of amenorrhea and exercise. © 1995 by John Wiley&Sons, I

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199512)18:4<335::AID-EAT2260180406>3.0.CO;2-T

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractObjective:To examine the association of nocturnal eating (getting up out of bed to eat) with overweight, binge eating, and negative mood or anxiety.Method:Forty overweight women diagnosed with binge eating disorder (BED) and 39 overweight controls monitored their nocturnal eating for an average of eight nights.Results:Seven instances of nocturnal eating were recorded by 6 patients, all of whom were binge eaters. Foods consumed nocturnally tended to be selected from those favored for binge episodes, and reported control over nocturnal eating was low. Patients reported tiredness, but not poor mood or anxiety, at the nocturnal eating episodes.Discussion:In this sample, nocturnal eating was associated more with eating disorder than overweight. This report should provide the basis of future work to determine whether nocturnal eating should be evaluated and treated among eating disordered or overweight groups of patients. © 1995 by John Wiley&Sons, Inc

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199512)18:4<343::AID-EAT2260180407>3.0.CO;2-P

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractObjective:Examine the association between concerns about aging and a drive for thinness.Method:Two groups were studied: (1) randomly selected nonclinical subjects (77 men, M ± SD age: 44.4 ± 18.3 years; 140 women, M ± SD age: 41.9 ± 15.3 years) from Ann Arbor, Michigan (replication of an earlier shopping mall‐based survey); and (2) women (N = 54) who were concerned about their aging appearance (18 women with mild to moderate skin aging, M ± SD age: 41 ± 4 years; 36 women with moderate to severe skin aging, M ± SD age: 62 ± 6 years) and had volunteered for 24‐week, prospective, controlled studies evaluating the efficacy of topical retinoic acid versus placebo for the treatment of aging skin. All subjects rated their aging‐related concerns on previously developed scales, and completed the Drive for Thinness (DT) and Body Dissatisfaction (BD) subscales of the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI).Result:In the random community survey there was a direct correlation between both concerns about the effect of aging on the appearance (men: r = .28, p<.05; women: r = .32, p<.01) and concerns about the cutaneous stigmata of aging (men: r = .38, p<.01; women: r = .28, p<.01) and DT (EDI). In the aging skin study both DT (EDI) and BD (EDI) were lower (p<.01) at 24 weeks posttherapy, in the retinoic acid (n = 32) but not the placebo (n = 22) group.Discussion:Concerns about an aging appearance can be associated with a drive for thinness and excessive dieting, factors that are important in the development of eating disorders. © 1995 by John W

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199512)18:4<351::AID-EAT2260180408>3.0.CO;2-L

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractObjective:While theoretical models of bulimia have tended to emphasize single dimensions of the disorder, such as cognition or depression, factor analytic studies suggest that bulimia is best represented by a multifactorial model. In this study, we explore whether bulimia nervosa patients with different levels of depression display different types of coping.Method:Bulimia nervosa clinic patients were divided into four subgroups based on level of depression and asked to respond to the Coping Strategies Inventory.Results:The results suggest that avoidant or disengaged coping may be more related to affective symptoms than to bulimia, itself. While problem solving and cognitive restructuring did not appear to differ between the subgroups in this study, there were significant differences in social support seeking among the four groups.Discussion:The findings suggest that bulimic patients who present with the affective and personality disordered dimension of bulimia need interventions that focus on the utilization of social support. © 1995 by John Wiley&Sons, Inc

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199512)18:4<359::AID-EAT2260180409>3.0.CO;2-A

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractObjective:We hypothesized that abnormal entry of glucose into the central nervous system (CNS) might exist in some chronic binge eaters of carbohydrates, as either a cause or consequence of binge eating. The purpose of this study was thus to determine fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of healthy women, and to obtain similar data in an obese, irritable woman with chronic binge eating of postpartum onset.Method:CSF was sampled continuously at 0.1 ml/min from 1100 hr to 1700 hr from the binge eating patient, who consumed 5,000 to 10,000 calories per day (preferentially binging on refined carbohydrates), and 4 healthy women via an indwelling, flexible spinal canal catheter. CSF aliquots were obtained at 10‐min intervals for measurement of glucose concentrations. Simultaneously, blood was withdrawn at 30‐min intervals to obtain serum for glucose assay. A glucose‐rich mixed liquid meal was consumed by participants at 1300 hr.Results:In striking contrast to the normal women, our bulimic patient showed no postprandial rise whatever in CSF glucose concentrations. Fasting CSF glucose concentrations were slightly lower whereas fasting serum glucose levels were normal in the bulimic patient, compared with the normal women. After eating, serum glucose levels increased in all participants, but less so in our patient.Discussion:This is the first description of a lack of postprandial elevation in CSF glucose concentration in a patient with a binge eating disorder. Defective transport of glucose across the blood‐brain barrier might account for the observed abnormality. While considering other possiblities, we conjecture that our patient's binge eating was an attempt to compensate for impaired postprandial entry of glucose into her CNS. © 1995 by John Wiley&S

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199512)18:4<365::AID-EAT2260180410>3.0.CO;2-0

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree different presentations of abnormal eating behavior in children of anorexic women are described. The author believes that the various presentations should increase our awareness of such children who may be considered an at‐risk group. © 1995 by John Wiley&Sons, I

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199512)18:4<371::AID-EAT2260180411>3.0.CO;2-Z

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY