摘要:

AbstractThe authors compared rates of physical and sexual abuse in women with eating disorders (N = 102) and general psychiatric disorders (N = 49). Relationships between sexual abuse and severity of eating disordered and psychiatric symptoms were also examined. While high rates of sexual abuse were found in the eating disordered sample, these rates were not significantly higher than those found in the general psychiatric population. No relationship between a history of sexual abuse and severity of eating disordered symptoms was found. However, within the eating disordered group, sexually abuse subjects reported more severe psychiatric disturbances of an obsessive and phobic nature than nonabused subjects. These findings suggest that while sexually abusive experiences may be related to increased psychological distress, they do not serve to increase eating disordered symptomatology. © 1993 by lohn Wiley&Sons, Inc

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199304)13:3<249::AID-EAT2260130302>3.0.CO;2-N

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt has been shown that sexual abuse is associated with the eating disorders, particularly those with a bulimic component. Existing research suggests that borderline personality disorder (or the cluster of behaviors behind this diagnosis) may be a mediating factor in that link. However, there is no evidence of specific patterns of association between the three phenomena. The present report studies these links in a case series of 115 eating‐disordered women. It is shown that the links between and reported sexual abuse and borderline personality disorder vary according to the nature of the eating disorder. In particular, they were associated in anorexia of the bulimic subtype, but not in bulimia nervosa or in restrictive anorexia. The possible therapeutic implications of these findings are discussed. © 1993 by John Wiley&Sons, I

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199304)13:3<259::AID-EAT2260130303>3.0.CO;2-H

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere has been recent interest in the possibility of dividing bulimia nervosa into two subtypes based on the method of weight prevention utilized by the individual. In an attempt to see if such a division is justified, this study compared 54 purging bulimics with 69 nonpurging bulimics ascertained from a population‐based register of Virginia female twins. A bulimic was defined as a “purger” if she engaged in vomiting or laxative abuse. These two groups were examined on a variety of demographic, weight, and personality measures after controlling for the presence of obesity. No significant differences were found between the two groups on any of the variables examined. © 1993 by John Wiley&Son

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199304)13:3<265::AID-EAT2260130304>3.0.CO;2-F

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwenty‐eight patients with ICD‐10 bulimia nervosa or atypical bulimia nervosa were given a cognitive‐behavioral treatment handbook and were reassessed 4‐6 weeks later, On a clinician‐rated global improvement scale 12 patients had much improved and 8 patients had somewhat improved. Fifteen patients were abstinent of vomiting or laxatives at reassessment as opposed to five patients before treatment. Of the 21 patients who were hinging before treatment, 7 had a 75– 700% reduction of binges and 5 had a 50–75% reduction of binges. Patients' nutritional knowledge increased significantly. A patient‐administered handbook may be a useful first intervention in the treatment of patients with bulimia nervosa. © 1993 by John

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199304)13:3<273::AID-EAT2260130305>3.0.CO;2-B

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExpressed Emotion (EE) is a measure of family interaction that has been shown to be useful for the investigation of many psychiatric disorders. This paper describes why it is appropriate to use it for the investigation of eating disorders. There is discussion of the findings that the levels tend to vary between the different eating disorders. The relationship between EE and treatment response is discussed. Suggestions are made for further research. © 7993 by John Wiley&Sons, Inc

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199304)13:3<279::AID-EAT2260130306>3.0.CO;2-2

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPsychosomatic theories hold that the obese abnormally increase eating in response to emotional distress. Empirical support for this assertion has come mainly from self‐report studies. A review of the literature for methodological rigor reveals that many studies previously considered supportive are substantially flawed with regard to control groups, failure to control Type‐1 error rate, and the possibility of confounding of social desirability and other response sets with self‐reports of emotional eating. Five alternative conceptualizations of the obesity‐emotional eating association are presented along with suggested research which would elucidate the nature of this frequently reported connection. © 1993 by John Wiley&S

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199304)13:3<289::AID-EAT2260130307>3.0.CO;2-X

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe current study failed to find any evidence of laboratory counter‐regulation amongst restrained eaters given a preload, regardless of the measures of dietary restraint used to classify subjects, including dieting status on the day of the study. Furthermore, there was no evidence to suggest that high restrainers characteristically overeat or experience a sense of loss of control over eating in naturalistic settings. These findings indicate that the link between dietary restraint and overeating or bulimic episodes is, at most, a weak one. Future investigations must incorporate more detailed and sensitive measures of both restraint and overeating if analogue studies are to be useful for understanding the process involved in clinically significant episodes of overeating or binge eating. © 1993 by John Wiley&Sons, I

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199304)13:3<297::AID-EAT2260130308>3.0.CO;2-T

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPreloaded and nonpreloaded dieters (restrained eaters) and nondieters (unrestrained eaters) completed a modified version of the Stroop task to measure selective biases in cognitive processing. In two separate studies, a milkshake preload led to increased cognitive interference for body shape words, especially for restrained eaters. There were no differences between restrained and unrestrained eaters in Stroop interference for either common or forbidden food words, whether subjects were preloaded or not. Taken together, these results indicate that chronic dieting is associated with selective processing of body shape words. © 1993 by John Wiley&Sons, Inc

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199304)13:3<305::AID-EAT2260130309>3.0.CO;2-H

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe 34‐item Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) has demonstrated sound psychometric properties in all samples reported to date (including this study). However, the unidimensional nature of the 34 items suggests that the BSQ may be unnecessarily long for use in studies when body disparagement is not the main focus of investigation. This study of 342 adult women presents two 16‐item “alternate forms” of the BSQ which showed equivalent means and excellent internal consistency in both derivation and replication samples. Two 8‐item scales were also derived. The 34‐, 16‐, and 8‐/tem versions showed equivalent convergent and discriminant validation against the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT)‐26 and other parameters. We suggest that use of these 16‐item versions may be more efficient than the original BSQ where body disparagement is not the sole focus of a study, or where a repeated measures design is employed. Furthermore, the 8‐item versions are sufficiently robust to be used as “alternate forms” where speed of completion and economy are of the essence. © 19

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199304)13:3<315::AID-EAT2260130310>3.0.CO;2-3

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResults from recent studies on body image have revealed differences between college‐age individuals and older samples. In this study, adults 17 to 40 years old were evaluated for their body dissatisfaction on the Figure Rating Scale. Females had higher levels of body dissatisfaction than males and these differences did not diminish with age. However, consistent with physical changes in adulthood, current and ideal ratings became more discrepant with age. Interestingly, for women, affective and cognitive dimensions of body dissatisfaction became more consistent. Research on early adulthood personality development is used to help explain these results. © 1993 by John Wiley&Sons, I

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199304)13:3<323::AID-EAT2260130311>3.0.CO;2-#

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY