摘要:

AbstractBinge eating disorder (BED) is a new eating disorder that describes the eating disturbance of a large number of individuals who suffer from recurrent binge eating but who do not regularly engage in the compensatory behaviors to avoid weight gain seen in bulimia nervosa. This multisite study of BED involved 1,785 subjects drawn from 18 weight control programs, 942 subjects from five nonpatient community samples, and 75 patients with bulimia nervosa. Approximately 29% of subjects in weight control programs met the criteria for BED. In the nonpatient community samples BED was more common than purging bulimia nervosa. The validity of BED was supported by its strong association with (1) impairment in work and social functioning, (2) overconcern with body/shape and weight, (3) general psychopathology, (4) significant amount of time in adult life on diets, (5) a history of depression, alcohol/drug abuse, and treatment for emotional problems. © 1993 by John Wiley&Sons, Inc

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199303)13:2<137::AID-EAT2260130202>3.0.CO;2-#

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt has been suggested that a new diagnostic category be added to the section on eating disorders in DSM‐IV. This new diagnosis has been termed binge eating disorder. In this article we argue that for two main reasons it would be a mistake to include binge eating disorder in DSM‐IV: first, too little is known about binge eating and other related forms of recurrent overeating to justify its inclusion in DSM‐IV; and second, its inclusion would be a source of diagnostic confusion. We argue that it is premature to crystallize this specific subgroup from amongst those who recurrently overeat and that to do so would impede the acquisition of knowledge rather than enhance it. We advocate a research strategy that involves studying broad samples of those with recurrent overeating rather than narrow ones. © 1993 by John Wiley&Son

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199303)13:2<155::AID-EAT2260130203>3.0.CO;2-T

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExtensive recent research supports a proposal that a new eating disorder, binge eating disorder (BED), be included in DSM‐IV. BED criteria define a relatively pure group of individuals who are distressed by recurrent binge eating who do not exhibit the compensatory features of bulimia nervosa. This large number of patients currently can only be diagnosed as eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS). Recognizing this new disorder will help stimulate research and clinical programs for these patients. Fairburn et al.'s critique of BED fails to acknowledge the large body of knowledge that indicates that BED represents a distinct and definable subgroup of eating disordered patients and that the diagnosis provides useful information about psychopathology, prognosis, and outcome (Fairburn, Welch,&Hay [in press]. The classification of recurrent overeating: The “binge eating disorder” proposal. International Journal of Eating Disorders.) Against any reasonable standard for adding a new diagnosis to DSM‐IV, BED meets the test. © 1993 by John Wiley&S

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199303)13:2<161::AID-EAT2260130204>3.0.CO;2-R

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt has not been clear from earlier studies whether it is binge eating per se or the compensatory behaviors frequently associated with binge eating (i.e., self‐induced vomiting and/or laxative abuse) that provide the most relevant marker for subclassifying anorexia nervosa. The current study addressed this question by comparing the clinical and psychological features of three groups of anorexia nervosa patients: “pure restricting” patients who do not binge (by definition) and who also do not purge (AN‐R, N = 116); “restricting‐purging” patients who engage in purging behavior (AN‐RP, N = 74); and anorexia nervosa “bulimics” who binge eat as defined in earlier studies (AN‐B, N = 190). While all three groups displayed similar levels of psychological disturbance on many variables, the overall pattern of findings indicates that the AN‐RP group displays significantly more psychopathology than the AN‐R group and their profile of disturbance is very similar to that observed with the AN‐B group. Thus, anorexia nervosa patients who purge, regardless of whether or not they report objective binge episodes, may be meaningfully distinguished from nonpurging patients. These results, combined with the medical risks associated with purging behaviors and the formidable problems associated with the definition of binge eating, support a sub‐typing system for anorexia nervosa based on the presence or absence of purging rather than binge eating.

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199303)13:2<171::AID-EAT2260130205>3.0.CO;2-L

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study explores the relationship between traumatic experiences and dissociate phenomena in a large group of eating disorder patients (N = 98). Traumatic experiences were assessed by means of a self‐report questionnaire and a clinical interview; dissociate experiences were assessed with the newly developed self‐reporting Dissociation Questionnaire (DIS‐Q). About 25% of the patients reported to have experienced traumatic events in their personal life and this subgroup had significantly higher scores on the DIS‐Q, compared with normal control subjects. About 12% of our patient sample mentioned dissociate experiences to a degree as high as in a group of patients with dissociate disorders. Amnesia turned out to be the most specific characteristic in trauma‐induced dissociation. These data suggest that trauma‐induced dissociate experiences may play an important role in the development of a subgroup of patients with an eating disorder. © 7993 by John Wil

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199303)13:2<187::AID-EAT2260130206>3.0.CO;2-9

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe history of the treatment of anorexia nervosa includes the majority of psychological and somatic therapies devised by psychiatrists, psychologists, and general physicians. We review the history of one of these treatments, electrical convulsive therapy (ECT), and discuss three patients treated with ECJ for primary anorexia nervosa. Two had a positive response to this treatment, one did not. She later responded favorably to a course of treatment with fluoxetine. © 1993 by John Wiley&Sons, Inc

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199303)13:2<195::AID-EAT2260130207>3.0.CO;2-5

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIntolerance to various foods is reported often by patients seeking evaluation for chronic fatigue, a common symptom in primary care practice. To assess the prevalence and significance of this phenomenon we studied 200 consecutive patients with chronic fatigue who were given a comprehensive medical and psychiatric evaluation. Intolerance to foods from at least three different groups was reported by 27 patients (13.5%). We compared these patients with 27 age‐ and gender‐matched patients from the same cohort of fatigued patients. Physical examination and laboratory testing showed few abnormalities in either group. The two groups were similar with respect to the duration and severity of fatigue, lifetime depressive symptoms, and prevalence of current depressive disorders (67% vs. 63%) and anxiety disorders (11% vs. 15%). Patients with multiple food intolerance had more lifetime functional somatic symptoms (p<.05) and a significantly higher (33% vs. 7%) prevalence of somatization disorder (p<.025). These data suggest that intolerance to multiple foods is probably not a cause or the effect of chronic fatigue, but rather one of the manifestations of the somatization trait expressed in these patients. © 1993 by John Wiley&Sons,

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199303)13:2<203::AID-EAT2260130208>3.0.CO;2-U

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this study a comparison was made between the amounts eaten by restrained and unrestrained eaters following an anxiety‐induction procedure. Subjects' level of perceived hunger was assessed and the interactive effects on eating of anxiety and perceived hunger were examined. Results revealed a significant three‐way interaction. Unrestrained subjects did not alter their eating in response to either anxiety or hunger. When relaxed, restrained subjects ate more when hungry than when not hungry. However, in restrained subjects, anxiety appeared to counteract the disinheriting effect of hunger, so that anxious hungry subjects ate less than relaxed hungry subjects and the same amount as relaxed subjects who were not hungry. © 1993 by John Wiley&Sons,

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199303)13:2<211::AID-EAT2260130209>3.0.CO;2-Q

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractForty German adolescent anorectic patients were assessed with regard to self‐image components as measured by the Offer Self‐image Questionnaire (OSIQ). The profile of this group deviated negatively from the German standardization group of healthy subjects on measures of impulse control, emotional tone, body image, social relationships, sexual attitudes, and psychopathohgy. In addition, the OSIQ profile of this German sample was remarkably similar to the profiles of samples reported in two American studies. Finally, it was found that inpatient treatment served to improve the psychological condition of the patients with regard to certain but not all self‐image components. Despite a trend of improvement, some of the scores did not fully normalize in this sample. © 1993 by lohn Wiley&Son

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199303)13:2<221::AID-EAT2260130210>3.0.CO;2-C

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAnorexia nervosa (AN) and zinc deficiency, found most frequently in young females, have a number of symptoms in common. These include weight loss, alterations in taste and appetite, depression, and amenorrhea. Approximately half of anorexia nervosa patients (ANs) are vegetarian (VANs), a practice that may increase their risk for zinc deficiency. This study compared the dietary intake of zinc and related nutrients in 9 outpatient VANs with that of 11 outpatient nonvegetarian patients with anorexia nervosa (NVANs). VANs reported significantly lower (p<.05) dietary intakes of zinc, fat, and protein, and a significantly higher (p<.05) intake of calories from carbohydrates than NVANs. There were no significant differences between the groups in dietary intake of calories, calcium, copper, iron, or magnesium. These findings indicate that zinc intake should be routinely assessed in VANs and that zinc supplementation of their diets may be indicated. © 1993 by John Wiley&Sons, Inc

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199303)13:2<229::AID-EAT2260130211>3.0.CO;2-1

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY