ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199111)10:6<627::AID-EAT2260100602>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe chronic form of anorexia nervosa (AN) affects about one‐quarter of patients and has serious somatic and psychological consequences. This paper presents evidence in support of the hypothesis that pregnancy and birth complications (PBCs) associated with neuropathology may be risk factors for chronic anorexia nervosa. There is increasing evidence that PBCs are risk factors for other psychiatric and somatic disorders. Recent findings of possible premorbid neuropathology in patients with anorexia nervosa suggest that PBCs may be risk factors for chronicity in anorexia nervosa. Topics discussed include the origins of constitutional vulnerability to anorexia nervosa, correlates of PBCs and of chronic anorexia nervosa, the relationship of PBCs to neurological and neurochemical abnormalities, chronicity of anorexia nervosa in relation to PBCs and to neurological and neurochemical abnormalities, and the research implications of the hypothesis that PBCs and associated neuropathology are risk factors for chronicity in anorexia nervos

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199111)10:6<631::AID-EAT2260100603>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough denial and distortion are widely acknowledged to affect the accuracy of self‐report in the eating disorders, little is known about their extent and implications, and there have been few attempts to develop systematic strategies for obtaining more valid data. In anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, internal experience may be misrepresented through the processes of deliberate distortion, inadvertent distortion, or overcompliance. Traditional methods of overcoming or correcting for denial include clinical intuition, reliance on the testimony of treated patients, and direct confrontation. Unfortunately, each of these approaches may compound subjects' biases with clinician—researchers' biases. Alternative methods for reducing denial and distortion in self‐report must be developed; these may include separating research and therapy, providing incentives for accurate accounts, obtaining information from other informants, using more appropriate control groups, collecting data in vivo, asking for behavioral commitments, seeking subjects' commentary on their own responses, and making more creative use of nonobvious assessment techn

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199111)10:6<647::AID-EAT2260100604>3.0.CO;2-T

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOur third cross‐sectional survey designed to elicit DSM‐III inclusion criteria for bulimia was completed by 1836 students, 97.2% of those surveyed. Based on operationalized criteria, 4.7% of females reported a current eating disorder diagnosis. These included bulimia (4.3%), bulimia nervosa (2.2%), bulimia with weekly binge/purging behavior (1.1%), and anorexia nervosa (0.1%). Current bulimia was reported by 0.1% of males and current bulimia nervosa by 0.3%. Those women with current bulimia were more likely to report a history of treatment for alcoholism and drug abuse than those bulimic women in remission. The data suggest that fear of loss of control over eating is an important part of the diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa, while fear of being fat is less apt to differentiate between bulimic and nonbulimic women. The desire for low weight was more pronounced in bulimic female students in the current survey than in previous surveys. The percentage of women who reported a history of bulimia with weekly binge eating and purging went from 1% in 1980 to 3.2% in 1983 and to 2.2% in the current survey indicating that the prevalence for this disorder may have peaked and may be declin

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199111)10:6<667::AID-EAT2260100605>3.0.CO;2-K

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBulimics whose primary method of purgation was self‐induced vomiting (purgers) were compared to bulimics who did not purge (nonpurgers), using standardized diagnostic instruments. Differences in eating patterns, demographic characteristics, past and present DSM‐III‐R diagnoses, mood and personality traits were found. Purgers were younger, more likely to be single, and binged more frequently than nonpurgers. More purgers had Major Depression, Panic Disorder, or past Anorexia Nervosa than did nonpurgers. Purgers scored higher on the narcissistic, masochistic (self‐defeating), and borderline scales of the Personality Disorders Examination. In contrast, nonpurgers were more likely to be overweight and have history of substance abuse than purgers. These findings support the view that nonpurging bulimics constitute a distinct clinical group, and suggest that differences between purging and nonpurging bulimics may reflect differences in core pa

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199111)10:6<679::AID-EAT2260100606>3.0.CO;2-C

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBariatric surgery for extreme obesity requires eating behavior and lifestyle changes that behavioral interventions may facilitate. Surgery patients were randomly assigned to a minimal intervention control group (n = 15) or a behavioral treatment group (n = 17), who participated in monthly behavioral consultations and received biweekly weight management materials for 6 months. Interviews assessed subjects' eating behavior, psychosocial functioning, and physical status for 6 months after surgery. Both groups showed significant weight loss during the first year after surgery, but the groups did not differ significantly. Subjects did not lose additional weight by 2 years following surgery. Treatment subjects reported higher postoperative psychosocial functioning and physical activity and consumed less fat and protein than did control subjects. These findings suggest that behavioral interventions enhance postoperative adjustment in behavioral and lifestyle variables, but do not add to the substantial weight losses produced by surgery alone.

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199111)10:6<689::AID-EAT2260100607>3.0.CO;2-6

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRestrained eating in a random sample of 2115 adults was studied as part of a broad health survey. Interview questions were derived from Herman and Polivy's Restraint Scale (1975, 1980). Restrained eaters were predominantly normal and overweight women under 65 years of age. Significantly more women (20.7%) than men (8.9%) were restrained eaters. A similar prevalence of restrained eating was observed in students and same‐age nonstudents. There was substantial overlap (but not congruence) between respondents who were dieting and being a restrained eater. Binge eating was reported more often by restrained eaters than unrestrained subjects. The relationship between restrained eating and bulimia‐related atypical eating disorders is discus

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199111)10:6<699::AID-EAT2260100608>3.0.CO;2-0

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevious body image studies have suggested that dieting‐disordered patients (anorexia and bulimia nervosa) differ from normal subjects in their estimation of body size and desired body shape. It was hypothesized that overconcern with body shape in these patients would be reflected in their visual analyses of specific parts of their bodies. This hypothesis was investigated using a system that combines an infrared light source, video camera, dedicated microprocessor, and computer to monitor eye‐gaze direction at 50 times per second. Fifteen dieting‐disordered patients and 10 control subjects were examined in this way while simultaneously being shown a picture of themselves on a TV screen. Preliminary results suggest that the patients tend to focus on those parts of their body with which they are dissatisfied, while normal subjects scan their whole body shape. Objective assessment of areas of specific bodily concern among dieting‐disordered patients, as well as the examination of voluntary and involuntary processing of self‐referential stimuli, is offered by the use of such t

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199111)10:6<709::AID-EAT2260100609>3.0.CO;2-N

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199111)10:6<715::AID-EAT2260100610>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199111)10:6<::AID-EAT2260100601>3.0.CO;2-#

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY