摘要:

AbstractEating disorders, notably anorexia nervosa and bulimia, are prime examples of gender‐specific psychopathology. The author's thesis, based on current research on female development and on extensive clinical experience, is that women's vulner‐ability to these disorders derives at least in part from the nature of early female psychosexual development. The early process of separation‐individuation from the all‐powerful pre‐Oedipal mother is enormously more difficult for girls than for boys, since girls must simultaneously individuate from and identify with a primary caretaker of the same sex. Hostile‐dependent conflicts and ambivalent struggles for autonomy from the mother may persist life‐long in women and are all too easily acted out via abnormal control of food intake and body shape.The paper indicates some of the ways in which these struggles are reenacted in treatment with the therapist, whose efforts to help the patient modify eating patterns are inevitably experienced as maternal intrusions. It also describes some corresponding countertransference reactions evoked in

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198807)7:4<453::AID-EAT2260070402>3.0.CO;2-2

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwenty‐nine 18‐month‐old children and their parents participated in a laboratory study during which eating behavior was directly observed. Each of the parents selected food from a standard buffet and ate alone on separate occasions. The child ate at another time assisted by his or her mother who did not eat at the same time. Principal Components Analyses revealed three eating behaviors shared by parents and their children: caloric intake (meal content); active feed time (eating duration); and bite frequency (eating style). Mothers' eating style and fathers' duration of eating were correlated (r = .55). A pattern of rapid eating in mothers and prolonged eating in fathers was associated with a higher caloric intake in their child. Thus children's caloric intake was significantly correlated with mother's eating style (r = .49) and with father's duration of eating (r = .54). A weaker relationship was found between the caloric intakes of family members, and there was also a tendency for similar behaviors of parents and their children to be related. The implications of these findings for family‐based weight control programs are e

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198807)7:4<461::AID-EAT2260070403>3.0.CO;2-Z

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMood changes over the bulimic binge–purge cycle were studied in retrospective questionnaire reports of patients, 16 with and 34 without concurrent affective disorder. Moods clearly differed over phases. Mood reports depicted the period between the binge and purge as most unpleasant, with low energy/excitement and security/relief and high panic/helplessness and guilt/disgust/anger. Feelings after the purge were relatively calm and pleasurable, with low panic/helplessness and excitement/energy and high security/relief. Patients with affective disorder did not differ from those without affective disorder in their mood changes during the cycl

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198807)7:4<469::AID-EAT2260070404>3.0.CO;2-O

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA biobehavioral model of activity‐based anorexia is examined in terms of recent evidence. Strenuous exercise reduces the value of food reinforcement and results in decreased food intake. Reduction of food intake increases the motivational value of physical exercise. This produces an escalation in activity that further suppresses appetite. Cultural practices of diet and exercise initiate this anorexic cycle, and once started the process is resistant to change. These anorexias may be the result of natural selection favoring those organisms that became active in times of food scarcity. Proximate physiological mechanism(s) appear to involve the endogenous opiate system that mediates the relationshp between running and eating. It is argued that classification of human self‐starvation should be based on environmental and/or biological conditions that control food regulation. Activity anorexia may be one instance of such a classification that could account for many instances of “an orexia ner

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198807)7:4<475::AID-EAT2260070405>3.0.CO;2-M

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAccording to the theory of dietary restraint, restrained normal‐weight individuals are similar to the obese in terms of hyperresponsiveness to external stimuli, and, perhaps, presumed internal underresponsiveness, differing only in the extent to which body weight has been successfully regulated. The present study sought to clarify the mechanism for this hyperemotionality and to investigate whether the presumed underresponsiveness to internal nutritional cues also extends to internal (i.e., autonomic) cues for restrained eaters. Restrained and unrestrained subjects were exposed to a cognitive and an interpersonal stressor during which physiological and self‐report measures of anxiety were recorded. No evidence for actual physiological differences between restrained and unrestrained eaters were found. However, the results indicated that unrestrained subjects demonstrated a significant relationship between physiological and self‐report measures of anxiety, while both normal weight and obese restrained eaters shows no positive relationship between physiological states and self‐rated

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198807)7:4<487::AID-EAT2260070406>3.0.CO;2-E

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationships among several indices of body size estimation and eating disturbance were examined in 72 college females. Measures of absolute size and estimated size had stronger correlations with eating disturbance than degree of perceptual size overestimation. Overestimation of self was highly related to estimates of the size of inanimate objects, suggesting the presence of a general perceptual deficit. Actual size was negatively correlated with degree of overestimation, indicating that small‐sized individuals overestimate to a greater degree than large subjects. The necessity of a multifaceted assessment approach for body image research is discusse

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198807)7:4<495::AID-EAT2260070407>3.0.CO;2-A

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn response to a magazine article, 628 women with eating disorders completed questionnaires in 1982 and in 1984, an average of 20 months later. The majority of these respondents met simulated DSM‐III criteria for normal‐weight bulimia (NWB) or fell into a somewhat healthier group that we called subdiagnostic eating disorders (SDED). Five percent met simulated criteria for anorexia nervosa with bulimic features (BAN). Although at follow‐up there was some improvement in eating disorders criterion symptoms and slight improvement in associated symptoms such as menstrual irregularities, depression, and self‐destructive behaviors, the burden of these symptoms remained considerable. Furthermore, at follow‐up the BAN group reported an increased use of alcohol and the NWB group an increased use of c

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198807)7:4<503::AID-EAT2260070408>3.0.CO;2-Z

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study investigated the prevalence and correlates of purging behavior in females at a family practice outpatient clinic. Purging behaviors were self‐induced vomiting, laxative use, and fasting. A history of purging was reported by 21% of 277 respondents. Fewer than one out of five purgers fit modified DSM‐III criteria for bulimia. Fifty‐eight percent of purgers had never told anyone about their purging, and only 2% had discussed it with a family physician. Also, feelings of “depression” were associated with secrecy. Apparently, many people practice purging, without necessarily developing bulimia. It is argued, on the other hand, that its secrecy has led to misunderstanding and a tendency to underreport its occurrence to p

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198807)7:4<515::AID-EAT2260070409>3.0.CO;2-R

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDescription, psychometrics, and normative data for an ajustable light beam apparatus for the assessment of size estimation accuracy are presented. Alpha coefficient and test‐retest reliability indices are within desirable limits. Comparison of size estimation scores with affective measures of body satisfaction indicates strong discriminant validity. Normative data on 159 females indicates that subjects overestimate the size of their waist, hips and thighs; average overestimation is 21%. The need for further research is discusse

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198807)7:4<521::AID-EAT2260070410>3.0.CO;2-H

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA video image distortion technique was used to assess differences in the perceived (actual) and ideal body size and shape among female patients with bulimia nervosa (n= 12) and two groups of nondepressed, non‐eating‐disordered women classified as restrained (n= 12) or unrestrained (n= 12) eaters. On the majority of measures of body image the bulimic patients and restrained eaters differed from the unrestrained eaters but did not differ significantly from each other. The results do not show that body image disturbance, at least as it was assessed in this study, discriminates bulimics from appropriate nonclinical controls. In absolute terms the bulimics were more accurate than the controls in estimating their current body size. The latter underestimated their body size. However, the bulimics' estimates were higher in relation to the controls. The discrepancy between perceived body size and ideal body size also differentiated the groups, with the bulimic and restrained subjects exhibiting significantly more discrepancy between perceived and ideal than the unrestrained subjects. Significant correlations between body size estimation and self‐report of body satisfaction suggests that evaluation and perception of body are closely assoc

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198807)7:4<527::AID-EAT2260070411>3.0.CO;2-8

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY