摘要:

AbstractTo examine the extent to which first‐degree relatives of eating‐disordered (ED) probands endorse maladaptive eating attitudes and personality/affective traits, we compared self‐reported eating concerns (Restraint, Emotional Eating, Body Dissatisfaction, and maladaptive eating attitudes) and psychopathological traits (Affective Instability, Anxiousness, Compulsivity, and Narcissism) across groups of restricter (n = 19), binger (n = 56), psychiatric control (PC, n = 38), normal dieter (ND, n = 29), and nondieter control (NC, n = 28) probands, and then across participating nuclear family members. Results among probands were as anticipated: ED probands showed expected elevations in both areas, and predicted restricter/binger differences were obtained. However, corresponding differences were not obtained on measures of mothers', fathers', or siblings' eating concerns and traits. Our findings corroborate the notion that EDs represent a convergence of eating, affective, and personality disturbances, but not that such a clustering of features exists as a familial trait. We discuss normal trait and attitudinal variations observed in ED probands' relatives in light of findings showing EDs and other psychiatric syndromes to aggregate within families. © 1995 by John Wiley&Son

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199509)18:2<107::AID-EAT2260180202>3.0.CO;2-1

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a questionnaire‐based study of eating disorders in a representative sample of the general female population of Norway, the lifetime prevalence of eating disorders was 8.7% with a point prevalence of 3.8%. The lifetime prevalence of binge eating disorder (BED) was 3.2%, bulimia nervosa (BN) 1.6%, and anorexia nervosa (AN) 0.4%. Eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS) had a lifetime prevalence of 3.0%. Point prevalence of BED was 1.5%, BN 0.7%, AN 0.3%, and EDNOS 1.3%. © 1995 by John Wiley&Sons, I

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199509)18:2<119::AID-EAT2260180203>3.0.CO;2-U

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFrom an original sample of 50 patients, 32 female patients with bulimia nervosa were followed up for a minimum length of 5 years. Standardized interviews were employed to assess eating attitudes and behavior as well as social status both at entry and at completion of the follow‐up period. All participants completed the Social Problem Questionnaire at follow‐up. Social outcome was found to parallel eating disorder outcome. Being in a satisfactory stable relationship was associated with good eating disorder outcome. Being in a stable relationship was not related to eating disorder outcome. Good outcome was also associated with higher occupational social class, and having a fulfilling social life and job. © 1995 by John Wiley&Sons,

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199509)18:2<127::AID-EAT2260180204>3.0.CO;2-Q

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare data from a group of obese subjects with binge eating disorder (BED) with data from a group of normal weight bulimia nervosa (BN) subjects. Subjects were compared using the Eating Disorder Questionnaire (EDQ), the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), the Personality Disorders Questionnaire for DSM‐III‐R (PDQ‐R), the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Rating Scales, and the Beck Depression Inventory. A group of 35 age‐matched subjects were selected retrospectively from treatment study subjects. The EDQ findings indicated that members of the BN group desired a lower body mass index, were more afraid of becoming fat, and more uncomfortable with their binge eating behavior than the BED group members. The BED subjects had a younger age of onset of binge eating behavior (14.3) than the BN subjects (19.8), even though both groups started dieting at a similar age (BED = 15.0, BN = 16.2). The EDI results showed BN subjects had more eating and weight‐related pathology, with significantly higher scores on five of the eight subscales. On the PDQ‐R more BN subjects endorsed Axis II impairment (BN = 69%, BED = 40%). While demonstrating greater eating pathology in the BN group, this study also found significant pathology and distress in BED subjects. © 1995 by John Wil

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199509)18:2<135::AID-EAT2260180205>3.0.CO;2-M

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA total of 241 female college students completed the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) and a battery of other scales measuring tendencies toward psychopathology. Both abnormal eating and ego dysfunction were most strongly associated with depression; lower correlations were obtained with dissociation, fears, obsessions and compulsions, perceptual aberration, and magical ideation. Panic disorder was associated with abnormal eating but not ego dysfunction. There appears to be no specific association between eating disorder and dissociation. © 1995 by John Wiley&Sons, Inc

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199509)18:2<145::AID-EAT2260180206>3.0.CO;2-G

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the study was to examine the factor structure of alexithymia in patients with eating disorders and to compare scores on these factors with a non‐eating disordered population. The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) was given to patients with restricting anorexia nervosa (AN/R, n = 29), bulimia nervosa (BN, n = 83), anorexia with a subtype bulimia (AN/BN, n = 15), and 79 female students. Factors were extracted using a principal‐components factor analysis. Four factors were found—Inability to Identify Feelings, Paucity of Fantasy, Noncommunication of Feelings, and Concrete Thinking. All three eating disorder groups were less able to identify their feelings than the comparison group and AN/R patients had a more diminished fantasy life than BN patients and students. Groups did not differ significantly on concrete thinking but there was a trend towards significance on noncommunication of feelings, with patient groups expressing their feelings less than comparison subjects. Differences between patient groups on factors of the TAS suggest that scores are not simply a result of psychopathology in general. Approaches which promote the identification and expression of feelings may be particularly useful in the treatment of eating disorders. © 1995 by John Wiley&Son

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199509)18:2<151::AID-EAT2260180207>3.0.CO;2-E

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study was designed to examine the association between body image and eating‐related attitudes among male bodybuilders in relation to two athletic comparison groups, runners and martial artists. It was also of interest to examine whether steroid use may be associated with body image disturbances in athletes. The volunteer sample of 139 male athletes recruited from fitness centers comprised 43 bodybuilders, 48 runners, and 48 martial artists (tae kwon do practitioners). Standardized measures of body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, drive for bulk, bulimia, self‐esteem, depression, maturity fears, and perfectionism as well as questionnaires designed to measure attitudes toward steroids, and rates of steroid use were administered in a manner that encouraged disclosure. Bodybuilders reported significantly greater body dissatisfaction, with a high drive for bulk, high drive for thinness, and increased bulimic tendencies than either of the other athletic groups. In addition bodybuilders reported significant elevations on measures of perfectionism, ineffectiveness, and lower self‐esteem. They also reported the greatest use of anabolic steroids and most liberal attitudes towards using steroids. Steroid users reported that the most significant reason for using steroids was to improve looks. Steroid users reported an elevated drive to put on muscle mass in the form of bulk, greater maturity fears, and enhanced bulimic tendencies than nonusers. The results suggest that male bodybuilders are at risk for body image disturbance and the associated psychological characteristics that have been commonly reported among eating disorder patients. These psychological characteristics also appear to predict steroid use in this group of males. © 1995 by John Wiley&Son

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199509)18:2<159::AID-EAT2260180208>3.0.CO;2-3

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined binge eating and weight cycling in a community‐based sample of successful (46 women, 44 men) and unsuccessful (29 women, 25 men) dieters. Successful dieters had lost at least 15% of body weight, kept the weight off for at least 1 year, and regained no more than 10 lb (average weight loss = 48 lb). Subjects completed a written questionnaire and were interviewed by phone several weeks later. Unsuccessful dieters were more obese when starting on a diet (average body mass index = 35.6 compared to 32.1) and were much more likely to have lost and regained 20 lb. Six‐month prevalence of binge eating disorder (BED) was 19% for unsuccessful dieters and 6% for successful dieters; lifetime prevalence was 15% and 13%, respectively. Unsuccessful dieters were two to three times more likely to perceive a lack of control during an episode of overeating, to be disgusted with themselves for overeating, and to eat alone because they were embarrassed. Encouraging dieters to set realistic goals, identify potential relapse situations, and interpret lapses may help them succeed. © 1995 by John Wiley&Sons,

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199509)18:2<167::AID-EAT2260180209>3.0.CO;2-#

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined differences in perceptions of body weight, dieting, unhealthy eating behaviors, and weight control methods among adolescent males and females of various racial/ethnic and socioeconomic (SES) subgroups. Data were derived from a comprehensive health survey administered to 36,320 students in grades 7 through 12 in Minnesota. Differences among ethnic/racial and SES groups were assessed using multivariate logistic regression controlling for grade and body mass index (BMI). Results showed that unhealthy weight control behaviors are not confined to upper SES white females. Compared to white females, Hispanic females reported greater use of diuretics; Asians reported more binge eating; and blacks reported higher rates of vomiting. Black and American Indian females were more likely to be satisfied with their body. Among males and females, higher SES was associated with greater weight satisfaction and lower rates of pathological weight control behaviors. Findings from this study suggest that future research should focus on the validity of self‐reports of dieting and weight control behaviors in different ethnic subgroups. © 1995 by John Wiley&Sons, I

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199509)18:2<173::AID-EAT2260180210>3.0.CO;2-Q

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEating attitudes and behaviors, body image, and psychological functioning were evaluated in 98 female college students: 36 African‐Americans, 34 Asian‐Americans, and 28 Caucasians. African‐Americans had significantly higher body mass index than either Asian‐American or Caucasians. In contrast, Caucasians reported greater levels of disordered eating and dieting behaviors and attitudes and greater body dissatisfaction than did Asian‐Americans and African‐Americans who differed little on these measures. The nature of variability in these eating behaviors and attitudes and body image was also examined within each of the three groups. A generally consistent pattern emerged within each racial group: low self‐esteem and high public self‐consciousness were associated with greater levels of problematic eating behaviors and attitudes and body dissatisfaction. A history of being teased about weight and size was associated with problematic eating behaviors and attitudes and body dissatisfaction in African‐Americans and Caucasians but not in Asian‐Americans. The findings suggest that there exist important racial differences on various aspects of eating, dieting, and body image in college women. Contrary to hypothesis, the degree of acculturation and assimilation within the African‐American and Asian‐American groups was unrelated to variability in these domains. © 1995

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199509)18:2<181::AID-EAT2260180211>3.0.CO;2-M

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY