摘要:

AbstractRecent observations bringing into relationship the clinical phenomenology, family‐genetic and biologic correlates, course and outcome, and epidemiology of eating disorders and affective disorders are examined. In all areas available evidence points to greater divergence than overlap between these disorders, arguing against the hypothesis that they share a common etiology. On this basis it is concluded that, although depression plays an important part in predisposing to eating disorders, continued attention must be paid to investigating mechanisms of etiology and pathogenesis unique to these condition

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198703)6:2<171::AID-EAT2260060202>3.0.CO;2-I

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198703)6:2<181::AID-EAT2260060203>3.0.CO;2-C

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevious studies have reported that patients with bulimia often display nonsuppressed responses to the dexamethasone suppression test (DST), suggesting that bulimia may be associated with hypercortisolism. To further evaluate the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis in bulimia, 24‐hour urinary free cortisol (UFC) levels and response to the 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST) were assessed in 7 normal‐weight women with bulimia by DSM‐III criteria. All subjects displayed normal UFC levels and nonsuppressed responses t

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198703)6:2<191::AID-EAT2260060204>3.0.CO;2-6

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe role of sexual identity has been of interest to many workers in the field of anorexia nervosa and related disorders. In particular it has long been suggested that psychosexual factors play a contributory part in the development of eating disorders. This article addresses itself to (1) examples of psychoanalytical perspectives, (2) some empirical findings and associated theoretical frameworks, (3) evidence from sex role inventories, and (4) psychosexual factors within male anorexics. It is concluded that there is little evidence for many widely held beliefs concerning psychosexual factors within the eating‐disordered patien

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198703)6:2<199::AID-EAT2260060205>3.0.CO;2-W

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study assessed use of food as a coping mechanism and cognitive distortions regarding food and weight in relation to extent of bulimic symptomatology. Subjects were 19 women who fulfilled an operationalized defination of the DSM‐III diagnostic criteria for bulimia (bulimics), 35 women who fulfilled an operationalized definition of an absence of bulimic symptomology (symptom‐free), and 41 women who fulfilled some but not all bulimic criteria (bulimic‐like). The symptom‐free, bulimic‐like, and bulimic groups each differed from one another in a linear fashion from low to high on measures of use of food as a coping mechanism, five of eight types of cognitive distortions regarding food and weight (dichotomous thinking, worry, exaggeration, superstitious thinking, and personalization), drive for thinness, and lack of interoceptive awareness. The bulimic and bulimic‐like groups evidenced greater perfectionism, defeatism, regret, and body dissatisfaction than the symptom‐free group. Variation in the extent of use of food and cognitive distortions accounted for 70% of explained variance in the severity of DSM‐III bulimic symptomatology. These results suggest that behavioral, affective, and cognitive indices of bulimia fall along parallel continua of symptomatic severity. The results also support the relevance of preventative and therapeutic programs with multid

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198703)6:2<215::AID-EAT2260060206>3.0.CO;2-J

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe clinical characteristics of 15 male and 15 female bulimics matched as to age, duration of bulimia, and frequency of self‐induced vomiting are compared. All subjects were given an extensive interview and psychometric evaluations to measure depression, anxiety, assertiveness, and attitudes about food and eating. Male subjects had relatively higher current and past weights, greater weight fluctuations, and more realistic perceptions about desired ideal weight than the women. Males also used fewer weight controls, such as laxatives, diet pills, and restrictive eating, but reported more present and past problems with drugs and alcohol. A statistically significant difference was found between men and women on marriage and sexual preference, with more women being married and more men reporting a homosexual or bisexual preference. Men and women scored similarly on psychometric measures. The findings are discussed in terms of differing sociocultural demands for men and wome

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198703)6:2<235::AID-EAT2260060207>3.0.CO;2-A

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThirteen adults with anorexia nervosa/bulimia were treated with a combination of an eating control program and psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy. We compared their status 2.5 years past initial presentation with that of 16 others (13 of whom were treated according to other principles and 3 who were untreated). Comprehensive assessment across seyeral somatic and psychological dimensions revealed no significant advantages for the combination. We conclude that if any advantages exist, they are likely to be small. Progress in diagnostic research to facilitate individual tailoring of treatment may be more fruitful than is a search for universally effective programs.

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198703)6:2<243::AID-EAT2260060208>3.0.CO;2-6

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe sensitivity to sucrose, sodium hydrochloride, tartrate, and quinine was examined by a filter paper disc method in patients with anorexia nervosa and with bulimia nervosa. There were 20 of the 23 anorexia patients and 11 of the 13 bulimic patients who showed hypogeusia. There were 12 of the 23 anorexia patients and 8 of the 13 bulimia patients who showed dysgeusia. Seven anorexia patients were restudied when the treatments produced a weight gain to more than 85% of normal body weight. Taste function had improved substantially in all but still was subnormal. Serum zinc, iron, and triiodothyronine levels in these patients were depressed; however, none of these levels correlated with the taste recognition scores or dysgeusia scores. In conclusion, patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa showed hypogeusia and/or dysgeusia, although the etiology of the taste dysfunction in these patients remains to be determined. These findings should be considered in the implications for treating these patients.

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198703)6:2<257::AID-EAT2260060209>3.0.CO;2-X

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt is now well known that starvation per se contributes to the psychological as well as to the physiological syndromes of eating disorders. Increasingly, specific nutritional deficiencies are being related to various behavioral and medical symptoms. This paper reviews current information regarding nutritional contributions to the pathogenesis of eating disorders and suggests principles of management consistent with the present state of nutritional knowledge. In this context, registered dietitians can contribute significantly to the assessment and treatment of eating disorder patients.

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198703)6:2<267::AID-EAT2260060210>3.0.CO;2-J

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFive women diagnosed as having classical anorexia nervosa were studied at rest and following a maximal effort treadmill test prior to (AN‐1) and after hospital treatment (AN‐II). A group of 14 lean women (matched for age, percent body fat, height, weight, and fitness level as closely as possible) were studied as lean controls (LC). Before treatment, AN‐I had significantly less plasma long‐chain acyl carnitines than LC (4.59 versus 6.16 μM), whereas short‐chain acyl carnitines were nearly twice as high (9. 01 versus 4. 91 μM, AN‐1 versus LC) at rest. Following maximal exercise LC women demonstrated a sharp increase in short‐chain acyl carnitines (from 4. 19 to 8. 83 μM), whereas the AN‐1 group showed no change in these derivaties relative to their resting level (from 9.01 to 10. 49 μM). Long‐chain acyl carnitines, however, were reduced in AN‐1 compared with LC after exercise (2.37 versus 6.55 μM, respectively). Following hospital treatment short‐chain acyl carnitines at rest were reduced toward normal (6.68 μM) in the AN‐II, although the long‐chain acyl forms still remained lower (3.2 1 μM) than in the LC (6.16 μM). However, even aiter hospital treatment the AN‐II group did not show the typical increase in short‐chain acyl carn

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198703)6:2<281::AID-EAT2260060211>3.0.CO;2-G

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY