摘要:

AbstractSixty‐nine subjects with abnormal eating attitudes ascertained from an epidemiological study in family practice were followed‐up for a period of up to 30 months. There was little clinical change in patients with the full syndrome of bulimia nervosa or with partial syndromes. Subjects who were dieting obsessionally at entry to the study appeared to have a definite potential to develop more severe syndromes. Early intervention to prevent the development of chronic dieting may be important in the prevention of eating disord

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199107)10:4<379::AID-EAT2260100402>3.0.CO;2-I

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMany theories about relating eating disorders with sexual development and experience have been proposed. The authors employed a normed psychometric instrument, the Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory (DSFI), to study empirically sexual characteristics of subtypes of eating‐disordered patients. Forty‐four female inpatients were divided into three subcategories; restricting anorexics (AR), bulimic anorexics (AB), and subjects exhibiting bulimia nervosa (BN). Starved anorexics were first allowed to attain their goal weight range before participating in the study. The three groups did not differ demographically. Comparing the eating‐disordered group as a whole to the DSFI norms showed these patients to have quite poor sexual functioning and satisfaction. The “Sexual Functioning Index” representing the global DSFI score put these patients below the first percentile when compared to the normative sample. Nine out of the ten scales of the DSFI failed to show a significant difference between patient subgroups. Only the “fantasy” scale distinguished the AR subgroup with its paucity of sexual fantasy from the BN subgroup who were in the average range, with AB in between. These results are somewhat contrary to other studies comparing outpatient bulimics and anorexics and suggest that patients with eating disorders severe enough to warrant hospitalization represent a more homogenous group regarding their psychosexual ch

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199107)10:4<389::AID-EAT2260100403>3.0.CO;2-C

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe prevalence of parentally experienced infant feeding problems was explored in two samples (N = 841 and N = 567) of infants, aged between 30 and 71 weeks. Correlates to specific problem types were sought. One‐fourth of the parents had experienced feeding problems during the infant's first 6 months and more than 10% reported ongoing problems. Colic was the most commonly reported early appearing problem, while refusal of solids, poor appetite, and general refusal to eat were the most common problems after the first 6 months. Maternal health factors, severe and longlasting breastfeeding problems, and problematic mealtime behaviors were associated with colic, while vomiting was only related to breastfeeding problems. The refusal‐to‐eat group presented the largest number of correlates including family feeding problems, problematic meal behaviors, and health problems. The only aspects distinguishing all problem groups from controls were parental anxiety about infant health and sibling feeding pro

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199107)10:4<395::AID-EAT2260100404>3.0.CO;2-A

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study of high school sophmores assessed the prominence of weight concerns relative to other worries typical of adolescents. Subjects were 453 females and 355 males from a parochial school who indicated how much they worried about each of 15 items. Girls reported worrying most about looks, figure, weight, and popularity with and relationships with the opposite sex. Boys worried most about money, looks, and popularity and relationships with the opposite sex. Girls reported significantly greater worry than boys on nine of 15 items and scored significantly higher than boys on trait anxiety. Obese boys and girls reported worrying significantly more about weight and figure (physique) than did their non‐obese peers, but being overweight was otherwise unrelated to trait anxiety or worry about other issues. The findings indicate that weight and figure are of primary concern to adolescent girls relative to other issues. Boys clearly were not weight‐preoccupied but did share several of the principal worries reported by gi

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199107)10:4<407::AID-EAT2260100405>3.0.CO;2-V

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Stroop color‐naming paradigm was used to investigate information processing in bulimia nervosa. Patients with bulimia nervosa were compared with agematched female controls as well as with a sample of men. It was found that the patients were slower than female controls were in color‐naming words related to eating, shape, and weight, whereas there were no differences between the male and female controls. The findings suggest that bulimia nervosa is associated with the selective processing of information related to eating, shape, and weight and that this phenomenon may be restricted to those with an eating disorder of clinical sever

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199107)10:4<415::AID-EAT2260100406>3.0.CO;2-R

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article presents the oral situation of 11 anorectic and 41 bulimic patients and compares it with 50 healthy control persons. Although patients with an eating disorder showed less signs of gingival inflammation (sulcus‐bleeding index (SBI): anorexia = 14.6%; bulimia = 12.5%; controls = 44.7%), they had clearly more enamel erosions than did healthy control persons. In 27 of 41 bulimic patients, a bilateral swelling of the parotid gland was found. A significant correlation between the parotid enlargement and enamel erosion exists in bulimic patients with a history of anorexia nervosa. Patients with an eating disorder had higher levels of serum amylase than did healthy control persons. A significant correlation between serum amylase activity and dental characteristics was found in bulimic patient

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199107)10:4<423::AID-EAT2260100407>3.0.CO;2-N

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to compare the psychological features of patients with confirmed (n = 22) and unconfirmed (n = 23) adverse food reactions. Patients were clinically evaluated by means of medical history, physical examination, skin testing, and, if necessary, double‐blind placebo‐controlled food challenges. Psychological instruments included the MMPI, SCL‐90, Eating Attitudes‐26, Locus of Control, Recent Life Events Questionnaire, and Profile of Moods Test. Patients with confirmed and unconfirmed reactions did not differ in locus of control orientation or in measures of recent life stress. Those with unconfirmed reactions scored higher than did the confirmed group for hypochondriasis and hysteria on the MMPI, and higher for somatization and the Positive Symptom Distress Index on the SCL‐90. More patients with unconfirmed reactions scored at the 90th percentile or higher for one or more factor scores on the EAT‐26. Although there is evidence of psychopathology among the unconfirmed group, it is not clear whether this reflects underlying psychiatric disturbance or adverse reactions to ce

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199107)10:4<433::AID-EAT2260100408>3.0.CO;2-H

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCigarette smoking is linked with lower body weight and may be associated with alterations in caloric intake and energy expenditure (i.e., energy balance). However, the direct effects of smoking on content and pattern of energy balance are unclear because of possible confounding of smoking status with mediating variables related to energy balance, such as body weight and aerobic fitness. The present study compared daily caloric and nutrient intake, participation in leisure time activities, and resting metabolic rate (RMR) following overnight smoking abstinence between male smokers (n = 29) and nonsmokers (n = 21), with groups equated on age, body weight, and fitness. Results showed smokers reported being less active than nonsmokers, but there were no differences in RMR, total caloric intake, or pattern of nutrient intake. These findings indicate that, even after controlling for body weight and aerobic fitness, smoking status is independently associated with a less active lifestyle but may not have any direct effects on dietary content or RMR.

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199107)10:4<441::AID-EAT2260100409>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSmoking is known to affect appetite and weight in both animals and humans. We examined the relation between smoking deprivation and caloric intake in five women with bulimia nervosa in whom the weight regulation aspects of smoking may be particularly salient. Subjects participated in a within‐subjects study designed to examine the effects of smoking regular nicotine cigarettes, smoking lownicotine cigarettes, and smoking deprivation on caloric intake and mood. Total caloric intake, grams of fat consumed, and cigarette cravings were significantly greater under smoke‐deprived than smoking conditi

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199107)10:4<451::AID-EAT2260100410>3.0.CO;2-#

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study evaluated two assumptions of restraint theory. The first is that “restrained eating” and “dieting” are functionally equivalent. The second is that the effect of dieting on eating regulation is similar in normal‐weight and overweight individuals. The first hypothesis was tested by examining, using the standard forced preload paradigm, the eating of normal‐weight women classified as unrestrained nondieters, restrained nondieters, and restrained dieters. A significant restraint/dieting x preload interaction emerged. Restrained dieters ate much more without a preload than with one, while the two nondieting groups showed the opposite tendency. The second assumption was tested by reclassifying these normal weight subjects simply as dieters or nondieters and running additional groups of dieting and nondieting overweight subjects through the preload manipulation (creating a Weight x Dieting x Preload factorial). A three‐way interaction was found. Among normal‐weight subjects, nonpreloaded dieters overate; among overweight subjects, nondieters overate. Implications of these findings for restraint theory and the boundary model of eating

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199107)10:4<461::AID-EAT2260100411>3.0.CO;2-U

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY