摘要:

AbstractA group of women (n = 38) who met the DSM‐III critieria for bulimia and a group of normal control women (n = 26) between the ages of 18–34 were administered the revised version of the Bem Sex Role Inventory (1981) to test the hypothesis that bulimic women are “hyperfeminine” in their sex‐role orientation. Both the original and the median split method of scoring the data were employed. The hypothesis was not supported: normal controls scored higher than bulimics on the femininity scale. The findings from both scoring methods reflect a tendency for the bulimic women to systematically score lower than the controls on all sex‐typed items resulting in significantly more bulimics in the “undifferentiated” category. This scoring pattern can be understood as an indication of low self‐esteem or as a less well‐defined sense of self. It was hypothesized that both possibilities would increase these young women's susceptibility to developi

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198508)4:3<247::AID-EAT2260040302>3.0.CO;2-L

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNineteen female patients with bulimia and thirty‐one with anorexia nervosa were studied using a distorting lens technique. Both groups overestimated their actual body shapes and the bulimia patients desired to be much thinner than they were. These findings are discussed in relation to the literature on the treatment of these disorder

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198508)4:3<259::AID-EAT2260040303>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDo normative young people, who tend to eat compulsively or to diet restrictively, perceive their families as relatively enmeshed and rigid, i.e., resembling the “psychosomatic family” profile associated with clinical populations of bulimics and anorexics? To answer this question, 300 college students were surveyed with self‐report inventories assessing eating behaviors and perceived family cohesion and adaptability. Perceptions of family behavior were NOT significantly related to dieting. Among females, compulsive eating was associated with families perceived to be relatively uncohesive. Among males, family variables accounted for a surprisingly large proportion (18%) of the variance in compulsive eating behaviors. Males who tended to eat compulsively perceived their families as relatively uncohesive and rigid, were relatively dissatisfied with their families, and had relatively cold relationships with each parent. In sum, data suggested that subjects who binged or dieted restrictively did NOT appear to share the family pattern associated with clinical eating disorders. Compulsive eating among females may have represented simply a response to environmental stress, while among males it may have reflected pervasive inadequacies perceived in intrafamily relation

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198508)4:3<267::AID-EAT2260040304>3.0.CO;2-9

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDrugs thought to enhance serotonin‐mediated neurotransmission have been shown to diminish appetite for carbohydrates. Therefore, we examined the ability of tryptophan (TRP), serotonin's amino acid precursor, or a placebo to influence weight loss among 62 obese Swiss outpatients who were on a reducing diet [the Protein‐Sparing Modified Fast (PSMF) Diet] which can be associated with severe carbohydrate craving. This diet provides relatively large amounts of protein (1.2–1.4 g/kg ideal body weight/day) but little carbohydrate (40 g/day or less), thus stimulating ketone body production. Its consumption also reduces the ratio of plasma TRP to the summed concentrations of the other large neutral amino acids, thereby probably diminishing brain TRP and serotonin levels. During the initial month of the PSMF diet all patients received the placebo; thereafter 30 received TRP (750 mg, twice daily, orally, for 3 months) and 32 the placebo, according to a double‐blind protocol.Among moderately obese patients (140–159% of ideal weight; n = 25), the TRP significantly enhanced weight loss (p lt;.05), especially during the first treatment month (3.4 ± 2.8 vs 7.7 ± 1.7 kg lost; means ± standard deviation) but also during the total 3‐month test period (2.6 ± 2.3 vs 1.5 ± 1.6 kg lost/month). The JRP didn't modify the reported adherence to the PSMF diet. The partial efficacy of TRP among our moderately obese subjects does not presently justify its routine use as an adjunct to a PSMF diet. However, greater efficacy may be obtained with better patient selection and under metabolic conditions designed to amplify the uptake of TRP into the brain (i.e., administration along with

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198508)4:3<281::AID-EAT2260040305>3.0.CO;2-6

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study evaluated several components of a residential weight loss program for adult women and compared the characteristics of successful and nonsuccessful participants. Program components included a 1000–1200‐kcal daily diet, nutrition counseling, behavior modification, and regular exercise. Weight loss averaged 7 kg during an average 35‐day stay. Thirty‐eight percent of participants (n = 226) responded to questionnaires that were mailed 6 months to 5 years after participation. Respondents did not differ on any baseline measure of body composition or characteristics from nonrespondents including degree of overweight, rate of weight loss, etc. Nineteen percent reported weight increment since initial attendance. Fifty‐two percent of the respondents reported maintenance of all weight loss with 18% losing an additional 5 kg and 8% losing an additional 9 kg. Duration of time since attendance and repeated visits were not related to successful weight maintenance. No behavioral profile discriminated between successful and unsuccessful respondents. However, continued success was related to increased and regular exercise and later age of onset o

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198508)4:3<293::AID-EAT2260040306>3.0.CO;2-Z

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA variety of disturbances in thermoregulatory processes have been identified in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). Malnutrition, loss of thermal insulation, and hypoglycemia are generally accepted as the principal underlying mechanisms. Many of these thermoregulatory aberrations, however, may persist beyond the period of malnutrition and after substantial gains in body weight (in particular, hypothermia and an absence of shivering). It is proposed that during the course of the illness a physiologic state similar to that of cold‐adapted mammals may occur in AN patients. As a consequence of this aberrant physiologic state we postulate that an increase in functional nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) interferes with normal shivering responses to cold. An increase in functional brown adipose tissue is proposed to underlie the development of NST in AN patient

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198508)4:3<307::AID-EAT2260040307>3.0.CO;2-H

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198508)4:3<321::AID-EAT2260040308>3.0.CO;2-E

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198508)4:3<324::AID-EAT2260040309>3.0.CO;2-8

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198508)4:3<327::AID-EAT2260040310>3.0.CO;2-V

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198508)4:3<::AID-EAT2260040301>3.0.CO;2-E

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY