摘要:

AbstractIt has been claimed that there is no specific link between a reported history of sexual abuse and the eating disorders. In particular, studies and reviews investigating the relationship between reported sexual abuse and the eating disorders have concluded that the prevalence rate of abuse among eating‐disordered women is similar to the rates found in other psychiatric groups and in the general population. However, it is argued in this review that such a conclusion is based on an inappropriate level of analysis of the phenomena of sexual abuse and diagnosable eating disorders. When these two relatively blunt constructs are considered in finer detail, there appears to be a complex link between the nature of sexual abuse and specific bulimic symptomatology. This relationship is discussed with particular reference to important mediating factors (including dissociation, self‐denigration, borderline personality disorder, and disclosure experiences), the functions of the bulimic behaviors, and the particular cognitive schemata that the victims of abuse may develop. The clinical implications of this relationship are considered, and suggestions are made for further research. © 1995 by John Wiley&Sons,

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199507)18:1<1::AID-EAT2260180102>3.0.CO;2-I

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLow ego strength is theoretically thought of as causing difficulties in interpersonal relations and leading to the development of psychiatric symptomatology. Patients with bulimia nervosa were previously shown to have low ego strength and were studied to investigate whether gains in ego strength occur over time and are associated with improvement in symptoms. The average patient had an ego strength at a borderline level at index and at a neurotic level 6 years later. Less positive change in ego strength was associated with a low initial Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) Symptom score, a long Time in Treatment, and having been referred for specialist care. Positive changers significantly more often stopped vomiting/abusing laxatives and showed several nonsignificant tendencies to improve in other symptomatic aspects as well. Several methodological caveats are discussed, but these findings may contribute to the identification of mechanisms whereby long‐term improvement occurs in bulimia nervosa. © 1995 by John Wiley&Sons, I

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199507)18:1<13::AID-EAT2260180103>3.0.CO;2-#

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis exploratory study examined demographic and symptomatological changes in eating‐disordered children and adolescents over the last three decades. Medical records of the first 33 consecutive eating disorder admissions to the psychosomatic/psychiatric units of a children's hospital in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s were reviewed. Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and chi square analyses were performed to ascertain changes in demographics, clinical history, height and weight, psychiatric diagnoses, and eating disorder symptoms/signs. In addition, regression analyses were conducted to discern changes in the total number of eating disorder admissions (medical and psychiatric services inclusive) between 1970 and 1990. Results revealed significant symptomatological changes over the three decades. While the majority of somatically based signs have decreased, psychically based symptoms have either remained stable or even increased. Results suggest that newer eating disorder variants (bulimia nervosa and atypical eating disorder) are not replacing the traditional category of anorexia nervosa, rather, eating disorders are becoming more widespread and heterogeneous. Alternative explanations are discussed. © 1995 by John Wiley&Sons, I

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199507)18:1<27::AID-EAT2260180104>3.0.CO;2-Q

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study aimed to redress the paucity of available information on the effects of eating disorders on patients' parenting capabilities and their children's development. Ten previous and/or current eating‐disordered mothers and their children and 10 normal mothers and their offspring completed several rating scales and participated in a semistructured interview. The results indicated that both groups and their children displayed similar levels of satisfaction with their body sizes and perceived their current weights and shape with a similar degree of accuracy. These groups were, however, found to differ on the types of feeding employed during their children's infancy with the eating‐disordered mothers choosing to schedule feed their babies, whereas the control mothers fed on demand. At least half the children of eating‐disordered mothers were also described as suffering from emotional difficulties. Recommendations are made for increased availability of supportive and instructive facilities for these mothers, particularly during their nursing period. © 1995 by John Wiley&Son

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199507)18:1<39::AID-EAT2260180105>3.0.CO;2-I

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere has been increasing interest in the effects of chronic dieting and of repeated cycles of weight loss and regain in athletes. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the eating and weight loss practices, nutrition, and psychological factors in 45 male body builders competing in a drug‐free competition. Subjects completed a questionnaire on the morning of a body building competition to assess the weight loss and dietary history, psychological distress, reports of binge eating, and vitamin and mineral supplement usage. The subjects reported high levels of dieting, weight loss, and weight regain. The mean weight loss reported in the competitive season was 6.8 kg; the mean weight gain reported was 6.2 kg. Eighty‐five percent reported gaining weight while 46% reported episodes of binge eating after competitions. Most (81.5%) reported being preoccupied with food sometimes, often, or always. Between 30 and 50% reported psychological distress when preparing for competition (anxiety, short temper, anger). A similar number (30–50%) reported using amino acid, protein, and vitamin supplements. It appears that severe dieting practices are common in the sport of competitive body building. The potential physiological, psychological, and health implications of these practices, combined with the growing popularity of body building, are of sufficient importance to warrant further attention by investigators and the body building community. © 1995 by John Wiley&Son

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199507)18:1<49::AID-EAT2260180106>3.0.CO;2-C

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined racial differences in drive for thinness, a motivational variable implicated in the etiology of eating disorders. Subjects included 613 black and white preadolescent girls from one of three National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Growth and Health Study centers. Instruments included the Drive for Thinness Scale, a Criticism about Weight scale, the Self‐Perception Profile for Children, a Sexual Maturation index, and 3‐day food diaries. Black girls reported significantly greater drive for thinness than white girls. Drive for thinness was significantly associated with adiposity in both groups; additional predictors included criticism about weight for black girls and dissatisfaction with physical appearance for white girls. Correlations between drive for thinness and nutrient intakes were not significant. The finding of a greater drive for thinness among young black girls is provocative, given the higher prevalence of obesity and the lower prevalence of anorexia nervosa among black women. Longitudinal follow‐up will examine the significance of drive for thinness in the development of weight and eating disorders in this cohort. © 1995 by John Wiley&Son

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199507)18:1<59::AID-EAT2260180107>3.0.CO;2-6

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFifty‐five eating‐disordered women and 16 normal controls participated in this study to determine whether olfactory function is altered in patients with food‐restricting anorexia, anorexia with bulimic features, and bulimia nervosa. Olfactory function was assessed using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test and by determining phenyl ethyl alcohol odor detection thresholds. Only the very low‐weight anorexics showed impairments in their identification and detection of odors. This group's olfactory function did not improve from admission to discharge despite significant weight gain. Although, overall, smoking had only a minor influence on olfactory function, the very low‐weight anorexic smokers had the lowest scores of all subjects. Since higher‐weight anorexics did not show such impairments, the results suggest that the severe and prolonged starvation experienced by the very low‐weight anorexics caused or contributed to intractable deficits in the olfactory system and that these deficits are compounded by smoking. © 1995 by John W

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199507)18:1<71::AID-EAT2260180108>3.0.CO;2-5

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe development of the Emotional Eating Scale (EES) is described. The factor solution replicated the scale's construction, revealing Anger/Frustration, Anxiety, and Depression subscales. All three subscales correlated highly with measures of binge eating, providing evidence of construct validity. None of the EES subscales correlated significantly with general measures of psychopathology. With few exceptions, changes in EES subscales correlated with treatment‐related changes in binge eating. In support of the measure's discriminant efficiency, when compared with obese binge eaters, subscale scores of a sample of anxiety‐disordered patients were significantly lower. Lack of correlation between a measure of cognitive restraint and EES subscales suggests that emotional eating may precipitate binge episodes among the obese independent of the level of restraint. The 25‐item scale is presented in an Appendix (Arnow, B., Kenardy, J.,&Agras, W.S.: International Journal of Eating Disorders, 17, 00‐00, 1995). © 1995 by John Wiley&S

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199507)18:1<79::AID-EAT2260180109>3.0.CO;2-V

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBody mass index (BMI) was compared with percentage body fat (%Fat) measured by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 233 adolescent schoolgirl volunteers and 179 adult female patients. Repeat measurements were made on 67 of the adolescents and 51 of the adults. The correlations between BMI and %Fat were established from the 300 adolescent measurements and the 230 adult measurements. Although highly significant relationships were found between BMI and %Fat, only 58% of the variance in %Fat in adolescents and 66% in adults could be predicted by BMI. At the 95% confidence levels, a BMI of 20 kg m−2can correspond to a range of 18–33% body fat in adolescents and 13–32% in adults. Without any change in BMI, an adolescent's percentage fat can change by as much as ‐3% to + 7%. For an individual adult the same BMI can correspond to changes in fat of ±5%. Since the strength of prediction of percentage body fat from BMI is poor, caution should be exercised in its use for eating disorders research. © 1995 by John Wile

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199507)18:1<91::AID-EAT2260180110>3.0.CO;2-M

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDissociative symptomatology has been reported among patients with eating disorders, necessitating the availability of valid assessment instruments. In the current investigation, we examined the construct‐related validity of two self‐report instruments for assessing dissociative symptoms: the Dissociative Experiences Scale and the Trauma Symptom Checklist‐40. The instruments were administered, along with instruments measuring depressive, anorexic, and bulimic symptomatology, to a sample of 125 eating disordered subjects. The dissociation measures demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity, with a convergent validity coefficient (r = .73) that was approximately equal to that for the instruments measuring each of the three other psychological constructs. A principal components analysis further supported the construct‐related validity of the dissociation scales. Severity of dissociative symptoms was generally unrelated to anorexic or bulimic symptomatology, but was significantly associated with depression. The results supported the construct validity of the dissociation instruments and the general status of dissociation as a valid and well‐defined psychological phenomenon. © 1995 by John Wiley

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199507)18:1<99::AID-EAT2260180111>3.0.CO;2-B

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY