摘要:

AbstractTwelve bulimic couples were compared to 14 maritally distressed couples and 15 normal control couples on measures of relationship satisfaction, conflict resolution styles, and beliefs about intimate relationships. Bulimics reported global relationship dissatisfaction with their marriages similar to that felt by women seeking marital therapy. Bulimics were also similar to females in distressed marriages in their reported use of few problem‐solving skills and withdrawal from conflict. Bulimics and maritally distressed females subscribed to the dysfunctional belief that “partners cannot change.” These results provide support for the contention that bulimics experience dissatisfaction with their interpersonal relationships and that this dissatisfaction is accompanied by self‐reported deficiencies in conflict resolution

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198811)7:6<735::AID-EAT2260070602>3.0.CO;2-Z

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn unselected group of 30 women attending an infertility clinic was studied in a preliminary investigation to determine relationships between weight, abnormal eating attitudes, symptomatic distress, and impairment of ovulation. Those women in the group with anovulatory menstrual cycles were compared with the women who were ovulating. The anovultory women were found to be more preoccupied with weight and dieting. This weight preoccupation was not related to significant group differences in body weight or symptomatic distress. There was a tendency for the anovulatory women to be overweight or underweight, but this did not reach significance.

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198811)7:6<743::AID-EAT2260070603>3.0.CO;2-V

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough many elite athletic groups have relatively low weights, variations across sports occur. Adolescents were compared who engaged in three sports which varied on two dimensions, weight standards and energy expenditure, possibly associated with the physical characteristics of these three sports. Regional and national athletes aged 14–18 were surveyed: 25 figure skaters, 64 ballet dancers, and 72 swimmers. Adolescents who were not athletes served as a comparison group (N = 424). Height, weight, menarcheal age, sports activity, and attitudes toward eating were measured. Dancers and skaters were lighter and leaner than swimmers and nonathletes in accordance with the weight requirements expected of the former two groups. They also were more likely to have delayed menarche. Dancers and skaters also had more negative eating attitude scores than swimmers. At the same time, dancers exhibited more restraint eating than skaters, suggesting that low weights may be difficult to maintain given the fairly low energy demands required for danc

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198811)7:6<749::AID-EAT2260070604>3.0.CO;2-M

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe current study evaluated body image and eating disturbance in obligatory runners, obligatory weightlifters, and sedentary controls. Thirty subjects comprised each group, evenly proportioned by gender. The results indicated that weightlifters were significantly more accurate in estimating body size than runners and controls, although the latter two groups did not differ from one another. All subjects overestimated waist and hips to a greater degree than thighs; this finding was also true for their estimates of the size of a department store mannequin. Females were more dissatisfied with their body than males, with the exception that male and female weightlifters were equivalent on body dissatisfaction indices. Runners and weightlifters had greater eating disturbance than controls; females evidenced greater eating psychopathology than males. These findings indicate that type of physical activity may be related to size estimation accuracy and body satisfaction. The results are discussed with regard to the need to further refine subtypes of both obligatory runners and weightlifters for future investigations.

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198811)7:6<759::AID-EAT2260070605>3.0.CO;2-G

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFifty women ranging in age from 18 to 40 completed the Dietary Restraint Scale, Bulimia Test, Beck Depression Inventory, and Attitudes Toward Foods questionnaire. Thirty‐nine of the participants returned 4‐day dietary self‐monitoring forms on which they recorded time of eating, description and quantity of food intake, binge eating, and purging. Bulimia Test scores correlated highly with both the Concern with Dieting and Weight Fluctuation factors of the Restraint Scale. No differences in mean, high, or low caloric intake were found between high and low scorers on the Restraint Scale or Bulimia test. When days on which subjects reported binge eating were excluded from the analysis, Binge eaters and highly restrained subjects consumed significantly fewer calories than their low scoring counterparts. Subjects who scored high on the Weight Fluctuation factor of the Restraint Scale evaluated foods as higher in calories than low scorers. High scorers on both factors of the Restraint Scale, but particularly Concern with Dieting, reported significantly more negative emotion associated with eating common foods. The results support the importance of cognitive and emotional dimensions in dietary restraint and binge e

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198811)7:6<771::AID-EAT2260070606>3.0.CO;2-F

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwenty females with bulimia nervosa over the age of 18 monitored their eating behavior and purge frequency for 1 week before and after 16 weeks of treatment with imipramine or placebo using a standard diary. There was a significantly greater decrease in purged calories for subjects in the imipramine group once pretreatment group differences were covaried out, confirming the action of imipramine on binge eating. Subjects in both groups consumed approximately 1000 kcal/day excluding purged calories with no significant difference between groups on this measure. Nonpurged caloric intake did not increase over time, indicating continuation of a highly restricted eating pattern following medication treatment. During binges subjects in both groups combined, before and after treatment, consumed an average of 1485 kcal, although there was considerable variability associated with this mean.

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198811)7:6<779::AID-EAT2260070607>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractElectrocardiograms, biochemical parameters, and drug histories were reviewed in 37 patients with anorexia nervosa. Prolongation of the Q‐T interval was identified in 24%, sinus bradycardia in 41%, and low voltage in 11% of our study population. Hypocalcemia was identified in none of our patients, hypomagnesemia in one, and hypokalemia in nine. Hypokalemia was more frequent (67%) and marked in patients with Q‐T prolongation than in those with normal Q‐T intervals (11%). Bulimic tendencies were more frequent in anorexics with Q‐T prolongation and were associated with hypokalemia. Q‐T prolongation when present was usually mild. One patient had documented ventricular fibrillation associated with hypokalemia and the longest Q‐T interval encountered in our group (G‐Qc= 0.54 seconds). Patients with severe anorexia nervosa should be screened for hypokalemia and Q‐T prolongation, particularly if bulimic tendencies are present. Although Q‐T prolongation associated with weight loss due to dieting, starvation, and gastroplasty is not commonly associated with hypokalemia, such may not be the case with

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198811)7:6<785::AID-EAT2260070608>3.0.CO;2-2

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAnorexia nervosa claims the highest mortality rate of all psychiatric illnesses; death is often sudden, suggesting a primary cardiac arrhythmic etiology. We analyzed the admission electrocardiograms from 67 consecutive inpatients with anorexia nervosa to determine the prevalence and clinical associations of EKG repolarization abnormalities, known to increase the likelihood of ventricular arrhythmias. QT interval prolongation was present in 20 patients (29.9%), and large U waves were present in 12 patients (17.9%). Large U waves were independently associated with serum potassium level (p = .02) but not with degree of weight loss or clinical symptoms. The corrected QT interval showed a nonsignificant trend toward association with serum potassium concentration (p = .08) but not with other variables. These findings differ from previous studies which concluded that EKG abnormalities in anorexia were secondary to weight loss.

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198811)7:6<791::AID-EAT2260070609>3.0.CO;2-0

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStudies of sham‐feeding animals are useful in dissociating the hedonic, orosensory effects of food in the mouth from the satiating and nutritive effects of food in the gut, an operational state highly analogous to binge eating with vomiting. Alteration of hedonic and postingestive responses to food may occur physiologically or may be conditioned; binge‐like behavior can result when regulatory processes are sufficiently distorted by biological or environmental changes. An important role for satiety‐inducing neuropeptides and central dopamine activity during binging is inferred from the

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198811)7:6<797::AID-EAT2260070610>3.0.CO;2-K

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResults of a survey administered to 85 Native American girls and women, aged 12–55, revealed that 74% were trying to lose weight and that 75% of those who were dieting to lose weight were employing potentially hazardous techniques. The results also showed that 24% of the dieters used one or more purging behaviors. The mean age of those using pathogenic weight‐control methods was 28.8 years. Subjects with higher body mass indexes were more likely to use dangerous weightcontrol methods. These findings suggest that Native American women should be included among the groups at risk for eating disorders and that older and heavier women in this population also should receive attent

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198811)7:6<807::AID-EAT2260070611>3.0.CO;2-6

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY