摘要:

AbstractRealization theory for non‐linear systems is now quite firmly established. As an application of the theory a problem in figure realization, representing a new kind of realization problem, is considered. The problem is to find the necessary and sufficient system of rules for reconstructing a given figure (two‐dimensional array). The commutative linear representation system is considered to provide the set of rules for generating the figure. The array realization theorem can be stated as follows. For any given array there exist at least two canonical commutative linear representation systems which realize the array, and any two canonical commutative linear representation systems are isomorphic. Circumstances requiring computer treatment of figures are becoming more frequent. The theory of array realization presented in this paper can serve as a basis for figure coding theory. Examples are given of the behavior (figures) of one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional commutative linear representation systems, and the relation between the commutative linear representation system and the two‐dimensional system is

ISSN:8756-6621    

DOI:10.1002/ecja.4410640502

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAs an application of realization theory for nonlinear systems, the authors have proposed a realization problem for arrays leading to the following realization theorem. “For a given arbitrary array, there always exists a canonical commutative linear representation system that realizes (computes) the array and is unique except for isomorphisms.” This paper discusses a finite‐dimensional commutative linear representation system that is manageable in practice. The notion of the pseudo‐realizable canonical form is introduced and the principal findings are as follows. (1) Among the isomorphism classes of finite‐dimensional canonical commutative linear representation systems, there always exists only one pseudo‐realizable canonical system. (2) Two necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for the array to be a behavior of a finite‐dimensional commutative linear representation system. (3) A realization procedure is described for deriving the pseudo‐realizable canonical form from the given array. The proposed theory of the finite‐dimensional commutative linear representation system is an extension of the theory of the finite‐dimensional constant‐coefficient linear system. The theory is also adapted for handling arrays

ISSN:8756-6621    

DOI:10.1002/ecja.4410640503

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInterleaving for error‐correcting codes is a method of composing a long‐burst‐error‐correcting code with combined short‐burst‐error‐correcting codes or random‐error‐correcting codes. The method is now employed in a wide variety of fields, such as communications, memory systems and PCM recording and is quite useful in increasing the reliability of such systems. However, there has been no detailed theoretical study of interleaving, although it has been the subject of numerous practical studies. A systematic study of its theoretical aspects and some new interleaving techniques are presented here. It is shown that, according to their construction, interleaved codes can be classified into the complete‐block type, convolutional type and incomplete‐block type, among which the incomplete‐block type is newly proposed. Other classifications of interleaving methods are made according to their types and numbers as well as their decoding methods. Next we review different trends in interleaving relevant to the types of codes to be used as the number of codes is changed. We then discuss an interleaving method with codes encoded by word units as well as an error‐detection code conduct a comparative investigation of the error‐correcting capability and encoding capability and encoding complexity as well as decoding from the viewpoint of construction. It is then shown that the incomplete‐block structure has an intermediate position between the complete‐block

ISSN:8756-6621    

DOI:10.1002/ecja.4410640504

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNuch has been reported on the analysis and design of the quartz monolithic crystal filter (MCF). Since the mechanical coupling between contiguous energy trapping resonators is dependent on the cutoff mode, the propagation phase is independnet of the resonator spacing. This paper analyzes the MCF with phase inverting electrodes and establishes a design method for solution to the above restriction. First, we derive an approximation to the resonator coupling coefficient and compare the effect of the phase inverter on the center frequency of the filter with rigorously obtained data. Next, we study the effect of unwanted modes on the transfer characteristics of the filter. Finally, we describe the design method and compare the data with experimental values. The optimum values of the width of the phase inverter and of the decrease in frequency are given in terms of the resonant frequency and the frequency reduction of the resonator. These relations are summarized in graphical form to facilitate the design. The phase inverter tends to increase the center frequency of the filter and the amount of increase must be taken into account in the design stage. By studying the transfer characteristics of the MCF based on the present design procedure, we can improve the symmetry of the attenuation in the stopband.

ISSN:8756-6621    

DOI:10.1002/ecja.4410640505

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne of the active RC circuit realization methods is the inductance simulation method. Conventionally, the modeling of the floating inductance is aimed at the bi‐directional inductance L. In this paper, the authors consider the case where realization of the “unilateral” inductance is simpler than the bidirectional inductance and perform the realization using two operational amplifiers. It is shown also that the unilateral FDNR can be realized by the same procedures. These unilateral L and FDNR are applied in the realization of the open‐input type (∞‐0 type) second‐order filters which are new circuit types. Moreover, it is shown that the ∞‐0 type second‐order filters can also be derived from the ∞‐0 type for the realization of the open‐input/voltage source‐output circuits. In either circuit type, all the second‐order transfer functions are realized in the ∞‐0 type filters by using the L and FDNR circuits. The second‐order filter groups proposed in this paper have advantages in that the number of elements is less and the sensitivity is lower than in the ∞‐0 type filters. As an experimental example, the measured and calculated values are shown for the frequency characteristics of the ∞‐0 type second‐order low‐p

ISSN:8756-6621    

DOI:10.1002/ecja.4410640506

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis report proposed an LPC peak weighted spectral matching measure, a voice recognition method with weighted global spectral peaks (formants), and demonstrates its usefulness by comparing it with the conventional LPC matching measure. The “peak weighted measure” is defined by the integral of the productKw, whereKis a function representing spectral differences between the standard pattern and input voice andwis a weighted function representing peaks. It is shown that the integral value can be computed simply by LPC analysis parameters. Analysis of the weighted spectral differenceKwshows some variation in effectiveness of peak weighting.Experiments on vowel discrimination to evaluate the measure conclude that the discrimination error rate of 11.7% in the conventional LPC matching measure can be reduced to 9.3% by using the peak weighted measure and, especially, it is remarkably improved for the vowels /a/, /u/, /o/. Further, the variance of the discrimination error rates by speakers is smaller than that of the conventional LPC matching meas

ISSN:8756-6621    

DOI:10.1002/ecja.4410640507

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn connection with the periodical registration processing systems, which is uniquely applied to real‐time processing systems, analysis and evaluation are conducted for a system that has load regulation by restricting registration to finite central processor buffers and CP systems. Under the conditions of a single processor, a constant period T, Poisson arrival calls and holding times (average value h) with negative exponential distribution, the author formulates the population function representation of calls in systems immediately after a certain period, and, based on this, calculates the overflow rate and the maximum traffic to be carried per period. Next, using the above distribution, the average number of waiting calls in the CP buffers and outside the CP system at any time are formulated and the average waiting time is calculated by using Little's formula. The continuity of various characteristics in the above nonsaturated state are then examined based on analysis of the saturation states where there always exist waiting calls in the queue outside the CP system. Finally, numerical computations show that as certain evaluation measures such as the number of CP buffers n vary and saturate at about n = 30 if T/h<30, then at n greater than T/h, T/h<30. From the above it can be concluded that load regulation has some effect without decreasing the maximum traffic a0 on the conditions that as many CP buffers as economically possible are installed and the period T (T/h) is kept large enough within the allowable range of the average waiting tim

ISSN:8756-6621    

DOI:10.1002/ecja.4410640508

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA dielectric tape line consists of a dielectric material of rectangular or semi‐elliptical cross section having a small thickness‐to‐width ratio and placed on a conducting plane. Analysis is here conducted by using an elliptical coordinate system. Because of the use of new field functions in the interior of the tape line, convergence of the solution of the characteristic equation is much faster than other cases. In this paper, we study theoretically and experimentally the characteristics of the dominant mode. First, the analytical results are outlined. Next, the formula for the attenuation is derived and the attenuation mechanism is explained from numerical examples. The relative strength of the electric field in the horizontal and vertical directions is computed outside the tape and the results are given. We also study the relative intensity distribution of the interior electric field, the ratio of the power carried inside the tape to the total power transmitted, and the spread of the electromagnetic field. Analytical results of the attenuation characteristics and the relative intensity distribution of the external field agree very well with experimental re

ISSN:8756-6621    

DOI:10.1002/ecja.4410640509

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents an exact solution for scattering of a plane EM move (TM mode) by a perfect conducting circular hollow cylinder having no end caps. The scattered field is evaluated in the Fourier domain using the Wiener‐Hopf technique. The scattered field is divided into the IPO (improved physical optics) field, TE and TM modes in the cylinder and the diffracted fields at two edges. The range of the scattering angle where the IPO field gives good approximation is almost independent of the cylinder length if the cylinder length is larger than several wavelength

ISSN:8756-6621    

DOI:10.1002/ecja.4410640510

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a packet switching type of store‐and‐forward switching network, one of the important problems is that of routing. Traffic analysis of networks has hitherto been done mainly by simulation. This paper, however, studies the problem analytically and gives a basic theory for traffic design. When the queue length of the output channel of the 1st‐choice group is full, the arriving call (packet, message, etc.) is routed to the 2nd‐choice group by means of an alternate routing scheme.In the case of a telephone network (instantaneous network), the alternate relay theory has already been established. Based on this theory, a similar queueing system is described here. First, the properties (moment) of overflow calls from a multiple line system having finite waiting room size is gradually determined. Next, the overflow call process is approximated by the interrupted Poisson process and the mean waiting time of an overflow call routed to the 2nd‐choice group is determined. On the other hand, considering both the 1st‐ and 2nd‐choice groups simultaneously, the exact mean waiting time is determined. By comparing the numerical values of the two, it is shown that the interrupted Poisson process approximation of the overflow call process is more or less accurate. Finally, as an application of this approximation, a single‐channel system with finite waiting buffer fed from two sources‐Poisson and interrupted Poisson (overflow traffic)—is analyzed and it is clearly shown that the properties of the overflow call traffic becomes worse than those for the P

ISSN:8756-6621    

DOI:10.1002/ecja.4410640511

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY