摘要:

Jonathan Fanton is worried. “Policymakers and the public need reliable, independent advice from scientists in making choices that shape relations among nations and enhance the prospects for peace and security,” says Fanton, president of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, which is based in Chicago. “A generation of scientists—and their students—drawn into public policy by the Manhattan Project and the cold war is passing from service… and we need a successor generation.” Next month, at an American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) workshop on science and technology policy in Washington, DC, Fanton will announce the winners of a new $7 million‐a‐year program designed to increase the pool of independent experts on science, technology, and security policy.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.1570764

出版商:AIP    

年代:1903

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Given the good impression Robert Aymar made last year as chair of an external review committee for CERN, it's no surprise he's been named director general of the European particle physics lab. His five‐year term officially begins in January 2004, but throughout this year, he says, he'll split his time between CERN and the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), which he currently heads.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.1570766

出版商:AIP    

年代:1903

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The Australian National University's Mt. Stromlo Observatory, near Canberra, Australia burned nearly to the ground on 18 January. The bush fires, which ravaged more than1050 km2of land, destroyed the observatory's three domes, six telescopes, equipment workshops, eight staff houses, and an administration building. Preliminary estimates put the losses at more than AUD$20 million (roughly US$12 million) and are climbing.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.1570768

出版商:AIP    

年代:1903

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2409953

出版商:AIP    

年代:1903

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2409954

出版商:AIP    

年代:1903

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The heyday of research into the basic properties of intermetallic superconductors took place between 1950 and 1980. During those years, the number of known superconducting intermetallic compounds (consisting of several metallic and metalloid elements) grew explosively, and superconducting transition temperaturesTcwere pushed to just over 23 K(Nb3Ge).(In comparison, the first superconductor, discovered by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in 1911, was mercury, withTc = 4.15 K). Research groups all over the world searched for higher and higherTcvalues. The researchers were motivated by a basic desire to find an intrinsic limiting temperature for this intriguing quantum phase and by a very applied interest in making useful superconducting devices.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.1570770

出版商:AIP    

年代:1903

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

In 1962, James Watson, then at Harvard University, and Cambridge University's Francis Crick stood next to Maurice Wilkins from King's College, London, to receive the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their “discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material.” Watson and Crick could not have proposed their celebrated structure for DNA as early in 1953 as they did without access to experimental results obtained by King's College scientist Rosalind Franklin. Franklin had died of cancer in 1958 at age 37, and so was ineligible to share the honor. Her conspicuous absence from the awards ceremony—the dramatic culmination of the struggle to determine the structure of DNA—probably contributed to the neglect, for several decades, of Franklin's role in the DNA story. She most likely never knew how significantly her data influenced Watson and Crick's proposal.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.1570771

出版商:AIP    

年代:1903

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

In 1985, Ernst Bauer and his student Wolfgang Telieps published a stunning set of images that abruptly solved a long‐debated question in surface science: What is the nature of the phase transition that occurs on the (111) surface of silicon? Determining the complex ordered arrangement of atoms, or “reconstruction,” that occurs there had been one of the hottest problems in surface science for nearly 25 years. One of their images (see figure 1) shows a sharply defined coexistence between two structural phases and demonstrates a first‐order—rather than a continuous second‐order—transition between an ordered (bright) and disordered (dark) arrangement of atoms at the surface. Bauer and Telieps's unambiguous answer about the nature of that disordering transition dramatically introduced a very powerful probe of solid surfaces: low‐energy electron microscopy (LEEM).

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.1570772

出版商:AIP    

年代:1903

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.1570773

出版商:AIP    

年代:1903

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.1570775

出版商:AIP    

年代:1903

数据来源: AIP