摘要:

One hundred years ago this month Wilhelm Ro¨ntgen, a professor of physics at the Julius Maximilian University of Wu¨rzburg, discovered x rays while experimenting with cathode rays in a Crookes tube. Word of the discovery spread quickly, and by early 1896 the properties of x rays were under investigation in numerous physics laboratories in Europe and North America. By the turn of the century, physicians and physicists were exploiting the penetrating character of x rays to look inside the human body without cutting it open. They were also beginning to explore the therapeutic properties of x radiation.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.881440

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Just as x rays from a cathode‐ray tube in Wilhelm Ro¨ntgen's laboratory revealed the bones in his wife's hand, x rays from space have revealed new objects and physical processes hidden from the view of optical telescopes. X rays from beyond Earth's atmosphere were first detected in 1949 in a 5‐minute V‐2 rocket observation of the Sun. Thirteen years later, the first nocturnal rocket flight quite unexpectedly discovered the existence of a diffuse isotropic glow of 10‐kilo‐electron‐volt x rays across the celestial sphere, as well as the first discrete source of x‐ray emission from beyond the Solar System. By 1965 the number of known sources of celestial x rays totaled 10; at this writing the number exceeds105.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.881441

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2808246

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2808247

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2808248

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2808249

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2808250

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2808254

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2808255

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2808257

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP