ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2914058

出版商:AIP    

年代:1980

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2914010

出版商:AIP    

年代:1980

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2914012

出版商:AIP    

年代:1980

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The questions of what properties might characterize a solid in two dimensions, and by what mechanism such a solid might melt, are central aspects of current research in condensed matter. Rigorous proofs given in the 1960's showed that truly two‐dimensional systems cannot have the conventional long‐range order typical of three‐dimensional solids. Recent theories have described the types of order that a two‐dimensional solid might possess, including the existence of a nonzero shear modulus.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2914013

出版商:AIP    

年代:1980

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

A recently discovered and as yet incompletely understood effect promises to become an excellent tool for investigating molecules adsorbed onto metal surfaces. The effect consists of a spectacular enhancement—by factors of up to around106—of Raman scattering by monolayers of molecules adsorbed onto microscopically rough metal surfaces (rough on a scale of 500–1000 Å). One of the most exciting prospects is that the effect will become a useful analytical tool for studying catalysis and other processes that take place on surfaces. As Elias Burstein, one of the early investigators in the field, put it, we are just learning how to put microscopic amplifiers onto metal surfaces.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2914014

出版商:AIP    

年代:1980

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The Institute of Modern Physics in Langchow is one of three nuclear‐physics institutes in the People's Republic of China and the only one I saw during my recent visit (PHYSICS TODAY, March 1980, page 32). The Institute has ambitous plans for a new heavy‐ion facility whose first phase, scheduled to operate in 1985, is expected to produce heavy ions from carbon to xenon—with 50 MeV/nucleon for lowZand 6 MeV/nucleon for highZ. The second phase would produce light ions with 100 MeV/nucleon and all ions up to uranium with 10 MeV/nucleon.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2914015

出版商:AIP    

年代:1980

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Long‐lived products of uranium fission such as strontium‐90 and cesium‐137, with half lives of about 30 years, cease to be a problem in reactor wastes after a few centuries. But the alpha‐active transuranic actinides produced by transmutation in reactor fuel rods live much longer. Neptunium‐237, plutonium‐239, americium‐241 and curium‐246 have half lives ranging from five hundred to two million years. Although a waste disposal site would be no more radioactive after 500 years than a natural pitchblende ore deposit, it is widely felt that one should take reasonable precautions to keep these waste actinides out of the biosphere for hundreds of thousands of years.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2914016

出版商:AIP    

年代:1980

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

A prominent physicist before World War II, J. Robert Oppenheimer became the wartime director of the Los Alamos nuclear weapons laboratory. After the war he became an influential adviser to the government on atomic energy, but fell from favor during the McCarthy era. This story has become the stuff of myth and drama. Here we would like to present glimpses of the less familiar Oppenheimer—learning, playing, making friends, doing physics, winning recognition—as yet unburdened by the actuality of the bomb, by fame and by public responsibilities.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2914017

出版商:AIP    

年代:1980

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Art forgery is a complex subject; it has as much to do with the personality of the faker or the salesman who markets the spurious work as it has to do with the recapturing of some past technique or mood. And it is a subject that is still highly active today, despite the unquestionably improved art historical scholarship of recent decades: the controversy over the gold from Ziwiye, the stir caused by the forgery of Fragonard and Samuel Palmer, and the impact of the Beirut school's pressure‐cast counterfeits of early English coinage—all headline‐makers over the past five years—affirm that clearly enough.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2914018

出版商:AIP    

年代:1980

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

We physicists are a diverse group. Some teach, some work in industry, others in national or other private laboratories. Our work ranges from basic to applied, and perhaps more important, many of us have exploited the power of physics to open up new fields of science, which then take on a disciplinary identity of their own. Physics is too useful and too interesting to exist in isolation from the mainstream of modern life. The work of physicists has done much to shape the world around us, and we have a major responsibility to be not only aware of the revolutionary effect of scientific ideas but to participate in the application of those ideas toward constructive purposes. We must do this, however nervous we may be about the corrosive effect of that mainstream on the principles we hold dear, principles that sustain the personal, intellectual and aesthetic rewards inherent in the practice of good physics. Indeed, only by active engagement in the affairs of society can we protect these principles and thus the health of our science and its value to future generations. This interplay will be my theme. But, first let me describe the state of The American Physical Society.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2914019

出版商:AIP    

年代:1980

数据来源: AIP