ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2808281

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2808282

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2808283

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2808285

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Sharing this year's physics Nobel Prize with Frederick Reines (see the previous news story) is Martin L. Perl, a professor at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). The Swedish academy cites Perl “for the discovery of the tau lepton,” in 1975.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2808287

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Reaching out in an interdisciplinary direction, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Paul Crutzen, Mario Molina and F. Sherwood Rowland for “their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone.” The award comes on the eve of the 1996 global ban on ozone‐depleting chemicals, mandated by the 1987 Montreal Protocol and its later updates.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2808288

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Science in the United States is in a time of pain and uncertainty. The pain is felt most acutely by young scientists, who are having great difficulty establishing their careers. The uncertainty about the duration and outcome of the current situation stems from its roots in ponderous events of recent history—the end of the cold war, industrial downsizing, government deficits and demographic trends. Although budget difficulties and lack of jobs plague most of the sciences, the atmosphere of uncertainty about the future is palpably different from one profession to the next. Our concern here is with the profession of physics.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.881477

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Microscopes have played a fundamental role in the development of biology as an experimental science. It was Robert Hooke who, when using a compound microscope in 1655, noticed that thin slices of cork were made up of identical and small self‐contained units, which he called “cells.” The generalization of this observation and its acceptance, though, had to wait until the late 1830s, when German microscopists Matthias Schleiden and Thcodor Schwann—working independently—introduced the “cell theory” of complex organisms. By the second half of the 19th century Magnus Retzius, Santiago Ramo´n y Cajal and Camillo Golgi were busy completing the microscopic anatomical description of the cell.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.881478

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

With the death on 1 January 1995 of Eugene Wigner, at the age of 92, we lost one of the towering figures who built the edifice of quantum mechanics. Both his scientific work and his personality have become legendary. His own recollections, recorded late in his long life, and his earlier book of “Reflections,” help give us insight into his singular view of science, his role as a teacher at Princeton, his strong personal style and the great depth and breadth of his scientific knowledge.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.881479

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Until the twentieth century, principles of symmetry played little explicit role in theoretical physics. Conservation laws, especially those of energy and momentum, were considered to be of fundamental importance. But these were regarded as consequences of the dynamical laws of nature, rather than as consequences of the symmetries that underlay these laws. Maxwell's equations, formulated in 1865, embodied both Lorentz invariance and gauge invariance. But these symmetries of electrodynamics were not fully appreciated for 40 years or more.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.881480

出版商:AIP    

年代:1995

数据来源: AIP