ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2916307

出版商:AIP    

年代:1984

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2916264

出版商:AIP    

年代:1984

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2916266

出版商:AIP    

年代:1984

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Early in May a report containing reference designs for the Superconducting Super Collider was submitted to the Department of Energy. A group of about 150 scientists, led by Maury Tigner of Cornell, submitted a 400‐page draft report that considered three SSC designs—one using 3‐tesla superferric magnets (proposed by a Texas consortium), one using 5‐tesla superconducting magnets (proposed by Fermilab) and one using 6.5‐tesla superconducting magnets (proposed by Brookhaven and Lawrence Berkeley Lab). Cost estimates for each of the three designs were roughly the same: $2.7–$–$3.0 billion in 1984 dollars. These estimates do not include the cost of site acquisition or the cost of the detectors.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2916267

出版商:AIP    

年代:1984

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Spin waves in crystalline ferromagnets have been known since the 1950s. It is less obvious that such collective propagating modes of oscillating magnetization can be excited in liquids. But spin waves in degenerate Fermi liquids were predicted as early as 1958 and eventually seen in such Fermi‐liquid systems as liquid helium‐3 and the conduction electrons of paramagnetic metals.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2916268

出版商:AIP    

年代:1984

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Looking into the past, we find cultures very different from our own, yet we find people doing many of the things we do—discovering celestial order through observation, developing calendars, creating cosmologies. As scientists, we often endeavor to explain the unknown by seeking likenesses with known phenomena. However, we must be particularly careful when we use this strategy to study the astronomy of other cultures, for we often become enticed into thinking that their motivations and goals were the same as ours. Warning of this “presentist” trap in the thick of the Stonehenge controversy two decades ago, a historian commented that every age fabricates the Stonehenge it desires. Perhaps we gain a measure of security if we convince ourselves that prehistoric Newtons and Einsteins were preaching and practicing our outlook millenia ago. But were they?

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2916269

出版商:AIP    

年代:1984

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Atomic and molecular science has grown dramatically in the last two decades. Today, the combined membership of the APS Division of Electron and Atomic Physics and Division of Chemical Physics rivals that of the society's largest Division, Condensed Matter.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2916270

出版商:AIP    

年代:1984

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

World War II was a turning point in the fortunes of American science. The many scientific contributions to the winning of the war—radar, the proximity fuse, the atomic bomb—led a grateful nation to expand greatly its support of basic research at universities, from which the bulk of wartime researchers had come and to which they returned. Since physicists had played such a prominent role in the war effort, it was not surprising that physics was one of the chief beneficiaries of the new public policy. It is worth recalling that the first Federal agency to provide substantial funds for academic physics was the Office of Naval Research, which, among other things, provided the funds for the first high‐energy machines. By the early 1950s, the Atomic Energy Commission and the National Science Foundation were fully established and began to assume increasing responsibility for support of basic research in the physical sciences. After Sputnik in 1957, NASA joined NSF and AEC (now DOE) as one of three key civilian agencies funding physics research. The actual figures for FY 1984 may be of interest. The DOE budget, the largest, is $1.38 billion (under the categories of “high‐energy physics,” “nuclear physics,” “basic energy sciences” and “magnetic fusion energy”), the NSF budget is $208 million (under the categories of “physics program” and “materials research program”) and the NASA budget is $324 million (under the categories of “physics and astronomy” and “planetary exploration”), for a grand total of $1.85 billion; incidentally, this represents a healthy 12.5&percent; increase over the corresponding figure for the previous year.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2916271

出版商:AIP    

年代:1984

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2916272

出版商:AIP    

年代:1984

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2916273

出版商:AIP    

年代:1984

数据来源: AIP